Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T10:53:49.120Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Herbicidal control of deathcamas (Zigadenus paniculatus)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 September 2020

Clinton A. Stonecipher*
Affiliation:
Rangeland Scientist, Toxicologist, and Chemist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, USA
Corey Ransom
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Plant, Soils, and Climate Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
Eric Thacker
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Wildland Resources Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
Kevin Welch
Affiliation:
Rangeland Scientist, Toxicologist, and Chemist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, USA
Dale R. Gardner
Affiliation:
Rangeland Scientist, Toxicologist, and Chemist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, USA
Matt Palmer
Affiliation:
Extension Associate Professor, Extension, Utah State University, Ephraim, UT, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Clint Stonecipher, Rangeland Scientist, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT84341. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Foothill deathcamas is a bulbous, perennial, native forb found throughout the western United States. Deathcamas begins growth early in the spring. The lack of alternative forages at this time can result in livestock becoming poisoned from the consumption of deathcamas. Research on herbicides for deathcamas control is limited to work from the 1950s and 1960s that identified 2,4-D as a control agent. The objective of this study was to evaluate alternative herbicide options for deathcamas control that include 2,4-D, 2,4-D + triclopyr, quinclorac, aminopyralid, imazapic, and chlorsulfuron. We also investigated the impact of plant growth stage on deathcamas control by making herbicide applications at two growth stages. One set of plots was treated with herbicides when deathcamas was in the early vegetative stage and the second set was treated at flowering. There is some evidence that stress might affect alkaloid content; therefore, we monitored alkaloid content of treated and nontreated deathcamas. Plots were established at Mt. Sterling, UT, and Mt. Pleasant, UT. Deathcamas density was reduced in 2,4-D, 2,4-D + triclopyr, and imazapic treatments 1 and 2 yr after herbicide application (P < 0.0001). Compared with the pretreatment densities, deathcamas densities(± standard error of the mean) 2 yr after herbicide application were reduced 96% ± 1.4%, 100% ± 0%, and 98% ± 0.9% for 2,4-D, 2,4-D + triclopyr, and imazapic, respectively, at the Mt. Sterling site. At the Mt. Pleasant site, deathcamas density was reduced by 84% ± 2.8% with 2,4-D alone, whereas 2,4-D + triclopyr and imazapic provided similar density reductions as observed at the Mt. Sterling site. Steroidal alkaloid concentrations did not change in herbicide-treated deathcamas at either stage of plant growth. These data indicate that 2,4-D, 2,4-D + triclopyr, and imazapic can effectively control deathcamas in the vegetative and flowering growth stages.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor: Michael Walsh, University of Sydney

References

Bohmont, DW (1952) Chemical control of poisonous range plants. Wyo AES Bull 313:120 Google Scholar
Burrows, GE, Tyrl, RJ (2013) Toxic Plants of North America. 2nd ed. Ames. IA: Wiley-Blackwell Google Scholar
Carpenter, J (1986) Responses of three plant communities to herbicide spraying and burning of spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) in western Montana. MS thesis. Missoula, MT: University of Montana. 110 pGoogle Scholar
Gatford, KL, Simpson, FJ, Siever-Kelly, C, Leury, BJ, Dove, H, Ciavarella, TA (1999) Spray-topping annual grass pasture with glyphosate to delay loss of feeding value during summer. I. Effects on pasture yield and nutritive value. Aust J Agric Res 50:453464 Google Scholar
Hyder, DN, Sneva, FA (1962) Chemical control of foothill deathcamas. J Range Manage 15:2527 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kingsbury, JM (1964) Poisonous Plants of the United States and Canada. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leys, AR, Cullis, BR, Plater, B (1991) Effect of spraytopping applications of paraquat and glyphosate on the nutritive value and regeneration of vulpia [Vulpia bromoides (L.) S.F. Gray]. Aust J Agric Res 42:14051415 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Majak, W, McDiarmid, RE, Cristofoli, W, Sun, F, Benn, M (1992) Content of zygacine in Zygadenus venenosus at different stages of growth. Phytochemistry 31:34173418 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makeiff, D, Majak, W, McDiarmid, RE, Reaney, B, Benn, MH (1997) Determination of zygacine in Zigadenus venenosus (death camas) by image analysis on thin layer chromatography. J Agric Food Chem 45:12091211 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marsh, CD, Clawson, AB, Marsh, H (1915) Zygadenus, or death camas. U.S. Department of Agriculture Bull 125:146 Google Scholar
Nelson, RL, Peel, MD, Ransom, CV (2014) Small burnet response to spring and fall postemergence herbicide applications. Weed Technol 28:168175 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panter, KE, Smart, RA, Duelke, B (1987) Death camas poisoning in sheep: a case report. Vet Hum Toxicol 29:4548 Google ScholarPubMed
Ralphs, MH, Manners, GD, Gardner, DR (1998) Toxic alkaloid response to herbicides used to control tall larkspur. Weed Sci 46:116119 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stonecipher, CS, Cook, D, Welch, KD, Gardner, DR, Pfister, JA (2020) Seasonal variation in toxic steroidal alkaloids of foothill death camas (Zigadenus paniculatus). Biochem Syst Ecol 90:104044 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[USDA NRCS] U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (2018) Mountain stony loam (Mountain big sagebrush). https://edit.jornada.nmsu.edu/page?content=class-description&catalog=3&spatial=93&class=6373. Accessed: July 26, 2018Google Scholar
Welch, KD, Panter, KE, Gardner, DR, Stegelmeier, BL, Green, BT, Pfister, JA, Cook, D (2011) The acute toxicity of the death camas (Zigadenus species) alkaloid zygacine in mice, including the effect of methyllycaconitine coadministration on zygacine toxicity. J Anim Sci 89:16501657 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, MC, James, LF (1983) Effects of herbicides on the concentration of poisonous compounds in plants: a review. Am J Vet Res 44:24202422 Google ScholarPubMed
Yang, L, Wen, K-S, Ruan, X, Zhao, Y-X, Wei, F, Wang, Q (2018) Response of plant secondary metabolites to environmental factors. Molecules 23:762 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed