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Glufosinate Safety in WideStrike® Acala Cotton

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Steven D. Wright ,
Anil Shrestha ,
Robert B. Hutmacher ,
Gerardo Banuelos ,
Kelly A. Hutmacher ,
Sonia I. Rios ,
Michelle Dennis ,
Katherine A. Wilson  and
Sara J. Avila
Steven D. Wright*
Affiliation:
University of California Cooperative Extension, 4437B South Laspina, Tulare, CA 93274
Anil Shrestha
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, California State University, Fresno, 2451 East San Ramon Avenue M/S AS72, Fresno, CA 93740
Robert B. Hutmacher
Affiliation:
West Side REC, University of California Cooperative Extension, 17353 West Oakland Avenue, Five Points, CA 93624
Gerardo Banuelos
Affiliation:
University of California Cooperative Extension, 4437B South Laspina, Tulare, CA 93274
Kelly A. Hutmacher
Affiliation:
University of California Cooperative Extension, 4437B South Laspina, Tulare, CA 93274
Sonia I. Rios
Affiliation:
University of California Cooperative Extension, 4437B South Laspina, Tulare, CA 93274
Michelle Dennis
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, California State University, Fresno, 2451 East San Ramon Avenue M/S AS72, Fresno, CA 93740
Katherine A. Wilson
Affiliation:
University of California Cooperative Extension, 4437B South Laspina, Tulare, CA 93274
Sara J. Avila
Affiliation:
University of California Cooperative Extension, 4437B South Laspina, Tulare, CA 93274
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

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WideStrike® Acala cotton is a two-gene, in-plant trait that provides broad-spectrum and season-long control of lepidopteran insect pests, and the varieties available in California also have resistance to glyphosate. There have been indications that WideStrike cotton has some glufosinate tolerance as well, so the level of tolerance to glufosinate needed to be ascertained. A 2-yr (2008 and 2009) study was conducted in California to evaluate the potential crop injury caused by three different rates (0.59, 0.88, and 1.76 kg ai ha−1) of glufosinate–ammonium at four different growth stages (cotyledon, 2-node, 5- to 6-node, and 18- to 19-node stages) of WideStrike Acala cotton. The effects of these treatments on the cotton plants and yield were closely monitored. Glyphosate at 1.54 kg ae ha−1 was applied at all cotton growth stages as a standard application, and a nontreated control was included. The greatest level of injury (58%) was observed with the highest rate of glufosinate applied at both the cotyledon and the two-node stage of cotton. However, injury was less than 10% following glufosinate at 0.59 kg ha−1 applied at the 18- to 19-node stage. The level of injury increased with the higher application rate of glufosinate at all crop growth stages. In 2008 and 2009, the glufosinate treatments had no effect on cotton lint yield. Therefore, the study showed that glufosinate can be applied safely topically at 0.59 kg ha−1 at the cotyledon- to 2-node stage or as POST-directed spray between the 5- to 19-node stages. Although injury occurred at this rate, the plants recovered within 2 to 3 wk of the treatment. Increasing glufosinate rates beyond 0.59 kg ha−1 can increase the possibility of greater crop injury.

El algodón Acala WideStrike® posee dos genes que brindan control de amplio espectro de plagas insectiles-lepidóptera a lo largo de la temporada de crecimiento, y las variedades disponibles en California también tienen resistencia a glyphosate. Han habido indicaciones de que el algodón WideStrike también tiene algo de tolerancia a glufosinate, así que es necesario definir el nivel de tolerancia a este herbicida. Se realizó un estudio de dos años de duración (2008 y 2009) en California, para evaluar el potencial de daño al cultivo causado por tres dosis diferentes (0.59, 0.88, y 1.76 kg ai ha−1) de glufosinate ammonium en cuatro estadios de crecimiento (cotiledón, 2 nudos, 5 a 6 nudos, y 18 a 19 nudos) de algodón Acala WideStrike. Se le dio seguimiento detallado a los efectos de estos tratamientos en las plantas y el rendimiento del algodón. Se aplicó glyphosate a 1.54 kg ae ha−1 en todos los estadios de crecimiento como estándar de aplicación, y se incluyó un testigo sin tratamiento. El mayor nivel de daño (58%) se observó con la dosis mayor de glufosinate aplicada en los estadios de cotiledón y 2 nudos del algodón. Sin embargo, el daño fue menos de 10% después de aplicaciones de glufosinate a 0.59 kg ha−1 en el estadio de 18 a 19 nudos. El nivel de daño incrementó con la dosis mayor de glufosinate en todos los estadios de crecimiento del cultivo. En 2008 y 2009, los tratamientos de glufosinate no tuvieron ningún efecto en el rendimiento de fibra del algodón. Así, el estudio mostró que se puede aplicar glufosinate tópicamente en forma segura a 0.59 kg ha−1 en los estadios de cotiledón y de 2 nudos, o en forma POST-dirigida en los estadios de 5 a 19 nudos. Aunque hubo daños con esta dosis, las plantas se recuperaron 2 a 3 semanas después del tratamiento. Aumentar las dosis de glufosinate más allá de 0.59 kg ha−1 puede incrementar la posibilidad de observar un mayor daño en el cultivo.

Keywords

Glufosinate-ammoniumglyphosatecotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.Glyphosateherbicide resistanceinsect protectionAcalaapplication timingsherbicide tolerancecrop injury
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 28 , Issue 1 , March 2014 , pp. 104 - 110
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits noncommercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America

References

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