Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T04:31:59.070Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ethephon Reduction of Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) Seed Populations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Grant H. Egley
Grant H. Egley*
Affiliation:
U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., South. Weed Sci. Lab., Stoneville, MS 38776
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Freshly collected redroot pigweed seeds were buried 5 cm deep in the field in November of 3 yr in succession. Treatments applied to the soil surface included KNO3 (400 kg ha-1) in midwinter, ethephon (11 kg ha-1) in late spring, and a soil cover (polyethylene sheet for 2 wk) in late spring. Seeds were recovered within 1 yr after treatment, examined for in situ germination, and tested for viability. The 3-yr averages for viable seeds remaining by October in the year after treatment with KNO3 or soil cover, either alone or in combination, did not differ from nontreated checks and averaged 47% of the original population. Viable seeds remaining in soil treated with ethephon either alone or combined with KNO3 were reduced to 21% of the beginning population. The most effective treatments were ethephon either combined with a soil cover or with a soil cover plus KNO3 which reduced the viable seeds to an average of 8% of the original. Ethephon plus a soil cover has the potential to reduce greatly redroot pigweed seed populations in the field.

Keywords

Ethephon, (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acidredroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. ♯3 AMAREDormancygerminationseed longevitysoil mulchweed seed bankethylenenitrate
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 4 , Issue 4 , December 1990 , pp. 808 - 813
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Babiker, A.G.T. and Hamdoun, A. M. 1983. Factors affecting the activity of ethephon in stimulating seed germination of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. Weed Res. 23:125–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Biddle, E., Kerfotto, D.G.S., Kho, Y. H., and Russell, K. E. 1976. Kinetic studies of the thermal decomposition of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid in aqueous solution. Plant Physiol. 58:700–701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Burnside, O. C., Moomaw, R. S., Roeth, F. W., Wicks, G. A., and Wilson, R. G. 1986. Weed seed demise in weed-free corn (Zea mays) production across Nebraska. Weed Sci. 34:248–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Chancellor, R. J. 1981. The manipulation of weed emergence for control purposes. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 195:103–110.Google Scholar
5. Egley, G. H. 1980. Stimulation of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) seed germination by injection of ethylene into soil. Weed Sci. 28:510–514.Google Scholar
6. Egley, G. H. 1983. New methods for breaking seed dormancy and their application in weed control. p. 143–151 in Smith, A. E., ed. Wild Oat Symposium Proceedings. Can. Plains Proc. 12. Agric. Can. Google Scholar
7. Egley, G. H. 1983. Weed seed and seedling reductions by soil solarization with transparent polyethylene sheets. Weed Sci. 31:404–409.Google Scholar
8. Egley, G. H. 1986. Stimulation of weed seed germination in soil. Rev. Weed Sci. 2:67–89.Google Scholar
9. Egley, G. H. 1988. Factors regulating two distinct stages of redroot pigweed seed germination. Plant Physiol. Suppl. 86:140.Google Scholar
10. Egley, G. H. 1989. Some effects of nitrate-treated soil upon the sensitivity of buried redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) seeds to ethylene, temperature, light, and carbon dioxide. Plant Cell Environ. 12:581–588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Egley, G. H., and Chandler, J. M. 1978. Germination and viability of weed seeds after 2.5 years in a 50-year buried seed study. Weed Sci. 26:230–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Eplee, R. E. 1975. Ethylene: A witchweed seed germination stimulant. Weed Sci. 23:433–436.Google Scholar
13. Goudey, J. S., Saini, H. S., and Spencer, M. S. 1987. Factors affecting the decomposition of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid in soils. Plant Cell Environ. 10:347–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Goudey, S. J., Saini, H. S., and Spencer, M. S. 1987. Uptake and fate of ethephon [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid] in dormant weed seeds. Plant Physiol. 85:155–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Maynard, J. A., and Swan, J. M. 1963. Organophosphorus compounds. I. 2-chloroalkylphosphonic acid as phosphorylating agents. Aust. J. Chem. 16:596–608.Google Scholar
16. Menges, R. M. 1987. Weed seed population dynamics during six years of weed management systems in crop rotations on irrigated soil. Weed Sci. 35:328–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Roberts, H. A. 1981. Seed banks in soils. Adv. Appl. Biol. 6:1–55.Google Scholar
18. Robinson, R. G. 1949. Annual weeds, their viable seed populations in the soil and their effects on yields of oats, wheat, and flax. Agron. J. 41:513–518.Google Scholar
19. Schonbeck, M. W. and Egley, G. H. 1980. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) seed germination responses to afterripening, temperature, ethylene, and some other environmental factors. Weed Sci. 28:543–548.Google Scholar
20. Schonbeck, M. W., and Egley, G. H. 1981. Changes in sensitivity of Amaranthus retroflexus L. seeds to ethylene during preincubation. II. Effects of alternating temperature and burial in the soil. Plant Cell Environ. 4:237–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21. Schonbeck, M. W., and Egley, G. H. 1988. Effects of ethylene and some other environmental factors on different stages of germination in redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) seeds. Plant Cell Environ. 11:189–197.Google Scholar
22. Schweizer, E. E., and Zimdahl, R. L. 1984. Weed seed decline in irrigated soil after six years of continuous corn (Zea mays) and herbicides. Weed Sci. 32:76–83.Google Scholar
23. Schweizer, E. E., and Zimdahl, R. L. 1984. Weed seed decline in irrigated soil after rotation of crops and herbicides. Weed Sci. 32:84–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24. Taylorson, R. B. 1979. Response of weed seeds to ethylene and related hydrocarbons. Weed Sci. 27:7–10.Google Scholar
25. Warner, H. L., and Leopold, A. C. 1969. Ethylene evolution from 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid. Plant Physiol. 44:156–158.Google Scholar
26. Warnes, D. D., and Andersen, R. N. 1984. Decline of wild mustard (Brassica kaber) seeds in soil under various cultural and chemical practices. Weed Sci. 32:214–217.Google Scholar