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Effectiveness of Herbicides for Control of Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) in Winter Wheat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

William S. Curran ,
John M. Wallace ,
Steven Mirsky  and
Benjamin Crockett
William S. Curran
Affiliation:
Plant Science Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
John M. Wallace*
Affiliation:
Plant Science Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
Steven Mirsky
Affiliation:
Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705
Benjamin Crockett
Affiliation:
Plant Science Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in 2009–2010 at Pennsylvania and Maryland locations, and repeated it in 2010–2011 to test the effectiveness of POST-applied herbicides at fall and spring timings on seeded hairy vetch in winter wheat. A total of 16 herbicide treatment combinations was tested that included synthetic auxins, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, and a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor. Spring applications tended to be more effective than fall applications. Among synthetic auxins, clopyralid (105 g ae ha−1) and treatments containing dicamba (140 g ae ha−1) were effective at both timings, resulting in greater than 90% hairy vetch control at wheat harvest. Pyroxsulam and prosulfuron applied at 18 g ai ha−1 provided the most effective hairy vetch control (> 90%) at both application timings among ALS inhibitors. Spring applications of several herbicides provided moderate (> 80%) to high (> 90%) levels of hairy vetch control, including: 2,4-D amine (140 g ae ha−1), mesosulfuron-methyl (15 g ai ha−1), tribenuron-methyl (13 g ai ha−1), and thifensulfuron/tribenuron-methyl treatments (16 and 32 g ai ha−1). Winter wheat injury was evaluated, but symptoms were negligible for most treatments. Winter wheat yields declined with increasing hairy vetch biomass. Fall herbicides may be prioritized to reduce hairy vetch competition during the fall and early spring growing season. Our research has established that several synthetic auxin and ALS-inhibiting herbicides, applied POST in fall or spring, can be safely used in winter wheat to control hairy vetch in an integrated weed management program.

En localidades de Pennsylvania y Maryland, se realizó un experimento de campo en 2009–2010, y se repitió en 2010–2011, para evaluar la eficacia de herbicidas aplicados POST en el otoño y la primavera sobre Vicia villosa sembrado en trigo de invierno. Se evaluó un total de 16 tratamientos de combinaciones de herbicidas, los cuales incluyeron auxinas sintéticas, inhibidores de acetolactate synthase (ALS), e inhibidores de protoporphyrinogen oxidase. Las aplicaciones de primavera tendieron a ser más efectivas que de otoño. Entre las auxinas sintéticas, clopyralid (105 g ae ha−1) y los tratamientos que contenían dicamba (140 g ae ha−1) fueron efectivos en ambos momentos de aplicación, y resultaron en más de 90% de control de V. villosa al momento de la cosecha del trigo. Pyroxsulam y prosulfuron, aplicados a 18 g ai ha−1, brindaron el control más efectivo de V. villosa (> 90%) en ambos momentos de aplicación, entre los inhibidores de ALS. Las aplicaciones en la primavera de varios herbicidas brindaron niveles de control de V. villosa de moderados (> 80%) a altos (> 90%), y los tratamientos incluyeron: 2,4-D amine (140 g ae ha−1), mesosulfuron-methyl (15 g ai ha−1), tribenuron-methyl (13 g ai ha−1), y thifensulfuron/tribenuron-methyl (16 a 32 g ai ha−1). El daño en el trigo de invierno fue evaluado, pero los síntomas fueron mínimos para la mayoría de los tratamientos. Los rendimientos del trigo de invierno disminuyeron con el aumento de la biomasa de V. villosa. Los herbicidas aplicados en el otoño podrían ser priorizados para reducir la competencia de V. villosa en el otoño y temprano en la primavera durante la temporada de producción. Nuestra investigación ha establecido que varios herbicidas auxinas sintéticas e inhibidores de ALS, aplicados POST en el otoño o la primavera, pueden ser usados en forma segura en trigo de invierno para controlar V. villosa en un programa de manejo integrado de malezas.

Keywords

2,4-D aminedicambaclopyralidmesosulfuron-methylprosulfuronpyroxsulamthifensulfurontribenuron-methylcarfentrazonehairy vetch, Vicia villosa Rothwinter wheat, Triticum aestivum L.Cover cropintegrated weed management
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 29 , Issue 3 , September 2015 , pp. 509 - 518
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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