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Effect of Soil Disturbance on Annual Weed Emergence in the Northeastern United States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Matthew W. Myers ,
William S. Curran ,
Mark J. Vangessel ,
Brad A. Majek ,
David A. Mortensen ,
Dennis D. Calvin ,
Heather D. Karsten  and
Gregory W. Roth
Matthew W. Myers*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
William S. Curran
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
Mark J. Vangessel
Affiliation:
Plant and Soil Sciences Department, University of Delaware, Research and Education Center, Georgetown, DE 19947
Brad A. Majek
Affiliation:
Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Rutgers University, Bridgeton, NJ 08032
David A. Mortensen
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
Dennis D. Calvin
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
Heather D. Karsten
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
Gregory W. Roth
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

A 2-yr experiment evaluated the effect of spring soil disturbance on the periodicity of weed emergence. At four locations across the northeastern United States, emerged weeds, by species, were monitored every 2 wk in both undisturbed plots and plots tilled in the spring with a rotary cultivator. Eight weed species including large crabgrass, giant and yellow foxtail, common lambsquarters, smooth pigweed, eastern black nightshade, common ragweed, and velvetleaf occurred at three or more site-years. Spring soil disturbance either had no effect or reduced total seedling emergence compared with undisturbed soils. Total seedling emergence for large crabgrass, giant foxtail, smooth pigweed, and common ragweed were on average, 1.4 to 2.6 times less with spring soil disturbance, whereas eastern black nightshade and velvetleaf were mostly unaffected by the soil disturbance. The influence of soil disturbance on yellow foxtail and common lambsquarters emergence varied between seasons and locations. Although the total number of emerged seedlings was often affected by the soil disturbance, with the exception of yellow foxtail and common ragweed, the periodicity of emergence was similar across disturbed and undisturbed treatments.

Keywords

Common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. # CHEALcommon ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. # AMBELeastern black nightshade, Solanum ptycanthum Dun. # SOLPTgiant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. # SETFAlarge crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSAsmooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. # AMACHvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medicus # ABUTHyellow foxtail, Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. # SETLUIntegrated pest managementperiodicity of weed emergencespring soil disturbance
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 19 , Issue 2 , June 2005 , pp. 274 - 282
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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