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Effect of Biodegradable Mulch Materials on Weed Control in Processing Tomatoes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

A. Anzalone ,
A. Cirujeda ,
J. Aibar ,
G. Pardo  and
C. Zaragoza
A. Anzalone
Affiliation:
Departamento de Fitotecnia, Decanato de Agronomía. Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado,” Barquisimeto, Venezuela
A. Cirujeda*
Affiliation:
Unidad de Sanidad Vegetal; Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria; Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
J. Aibar
Affiliation:
Escuela Universitaria Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Ctra. de Zaragoza, Km 67, 22071 Huesca, Spain
G. Pardo
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales; EUITA, Universidad de Sevilla, Carretera de Utrera Km. 1; 41013 Sevilla, Spain
C. Zaragoza
Affiliation:
Unidad de Sanidad Vegetal; Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria; Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Three years of field trials have been carried out in Zaragoza, Spain, using different biodegradable mulch materials in processing tomatoes. The aim was to evaluate weed control with several biodegradable mulches as alternatives to black polyethylene (PE) mulch. The treatments were rice straw, barley straw, maize harvest residue, absinth wormwood plants, black biodegradable plastic, brown kraft paper, PE, herbicide, manual weeding, and unweeded control. Assessments focused on weeds and on crop yield. A laboratory study showed that 1 kg/m2 of organic mulch was sufficient to cover the soil for rice, barley straw, and maize harvest residue. The most abundant weed species in the field were purple nutsedge, common purslane, common lambsquarters, and large crabgrass and a change in weed composition was observed between treatments and years. Most weed species were controlled by the mulching materials except that purple nutsedge was controlled only by paper mulch. The other species were well controlled by PE and biodegradable plastic and also by some of the organic mulch treatments. Best weed control and lowest weed biomass were achieved by paper followed by PE and biodegradable plastic. The best organic mulch was rice straw and the worst weed control was from absinth wormwood. Tomato yield was highest for PE followed by paper, manual weeding, biodegradable plastic, and rice straw and was clearly related to weed control. Paper, biodegradable plastic, and rice straw are potential substitutes for PE and herbicides.

En Zaragoza (España), durante tres años se condujeron investigaciones de campo utilizando diferentes materiales biodegradables como cubiertas en el cultivo de tomate. El objetivo fue evaluar el control de la maleza con varias cubiertas biodegradables como alternativas a la cubierta de polietileno negro (PE). Los tratamientos fueron con paja de arroz, paja de cebada, residuos de la cosecha del maíz, plantas de Artemisia absinthium L., plástico negro biodegradable, papel de estraza, PE, herbicida, deshierbe manual y con un control sin deshierbe. Las evaluaciones se centraron en la maleza y en rendimiento del cultivo. Un estudio de laboratorio mostró que 1 kg/m2 de cubierta orgánica era suficiente para recubrir el suelo en el caso del arroz, la paja de cebada y los residuos de la cosecha del maíz. En el campo, las especies de maleza más abundantes fueron Cyperus rotundus, Chenopidium album, Portulaca oleracea y Digitaria sanguinalis. Se observó un cambio en la composición de la maleza entre los tratamientos y entre años. La mayoría de las especies de maleza fueron controladas por las cubiertas evaluadas, con excepción de Cyperus rotundus, que fue controlada únicamente con la cubierta de papel. Las otras especies fueron bien controladas por el PE y el plástico biodegradable y también por algunos tratamientos con cubierta orgánica. El mejor control y la menor biomasa de maleza, fueron logrados con la aplicación de papel, seguido por el PE y el plástico biodegradable. La mejor cubierta orgánica fue la paja de arroz y el peor control de maleza fue el que resultó del uso de la Artemisia. El rendimiento de tomate claramente está relacionado con el control de maleza, y este fue mayor cuando se usó el PE, seguido por el papel, el deshierbe manual, el plástico biodegradable y la paja de arroz. El papel, el plástico biodegradable y la paja de arroz son substitutos potenciales para el PE y los herbicidas.

Keywords

Common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. CHEALcommon purslane, Portulaca oleracea L. POROLlarge crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop. DIGSApurple nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L. CYPROabsinth wormwood, Artemisia absinthium L.barley, Hordeum vulgare L.maize, Zea mays L.rice, Oryza sativa L.tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Perfect Peel’Polyethylenebiodegradable filmspaperbarley straw mulchmaize harvest residue mulchrice straw mulch
Type
Weed Management—Techniques
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , September 2010 , pp. 369 - 377
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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