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Delayed Glyphosate Application for No-Till Fallow in the Driest Region of the Inland Pacific Northwest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Larry K. Lutcher
Larry K. Lutcher*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University–Morrow County Office, Heppner, OR 97836
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Abstract

Farmers typically use three applications of glyphosate to control weeds in no-till fallow. Some are now experimenting with an unconventional modification to this widely used approach. This modified approach is based on an intentional delay in the time of the first spraying. Farmers delay their first spraying because they want to rely on competition from winter annual grasses to suppress the growth of Russian thistle and eliminate the need for a third application. Optimism for this kind of weed-control program is tempered by concerns related to soil water storage. The objective of this research was to evaluate effects of delayed control of downy brome and volunteer winter wheat on the plant-available water content of, and loss of water from, no-till fallow. Treatments, applied to plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications, were distinguished by the time of the initial glyphosate application. The initial early-season treatment was applied as soon as possible after emergence of downy brome and volunteer winter wheat. Initial mid-season and late-season treatments were applied 4 and 6 wk later, respectively. The amount of plant-available water in the soil profile ranged from 71.8 to 153.7 mm in May and 16.5 to 80.9 mm in September. Water loss was usually minimized in plots treated with the initial early-season treatment. An exception to this trend occurred at a site where the density of downy brome and volunteer winter wheat was greater than average. Abated water loss from the initial late-season treatment, at this site, may have been a consequence of reduced evaporation caused by a decrease in near-surface wind speed and deflection of solar radiation away from soil. Estimated impacts of water loss on grain yield of winter wheat, produced the year after fallow, range from 269 to 600 kg ha−1.

Los productores típicamente usan tres aplicaciones de glyphosate para controlar malezas en barbecho con labranza cero. Algunos están actualmente experimentando con una modificación no-convencional a esta práctica ampliamente usada. Esta modificación está basada en un atraso intencional en el momento de la primera aplicación. Los productores atrasan su primera aplicación porque ellos quieren beneficiarse de la competencia de las gramíneas anuales de invierno para suprimir el crecimiento de Salsola tragus y así eliminar la necesidad de una tercera aplicación. El optimismo por este tipo de control de malezas se enfrenta a las preocupaciones relacionadas al almacenaje de agua en el suelo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los efectos del retraso en el control de Bromus tectorum y el trigo de invierno voluntario sobre el contenido de agua de suelo disponible para las plantas, y la pérdida de agua en barbechos bajo labranza cero. Los tratamientos fueron distinguidos por el momento de la aplicación inicial de glyphosate y fueron arreglados en un diseño de bloques completos aleatorizados con cuatro repeticiones. El tratamiento inicial temprano durante la temporada fue aplicado tan pronto fue posible después de la emergencia de B. tectorum y del trigo de invierno voluntario. Los tratamientos iniciales a la mitad y tarde durante la temporada de crecimiento fueron aplicados 4 y 6 semanas después, respectivamente. La cantidad de agua disponible para las plantas en el perfil del suelo varió de 71.8 a 153.7 mm en Mayo y de 16.5 a 80.9 mm en Septiembre. La pérdida de agua fue usualmente minimizada en parcelas tratadas con el tratamiento inicial temprano en la temporada. Una excepción a esta tendencia ocurrió en un sitio donde la densidad de B. tectorum y del trigo de invierno voluntario fue mayor al promedio. La reducción en la pérdida de agua en el tratamiento de la aplicación inicial temprano en la temporada, en este sitio, podría haber sido una consecuencia de una evaporación reducida causada por una menor velocidad del viento cerca de la superficie del suelo y un cambio en la incidencia solar sobre el suelo. Los impactos de la pérdida de agua sobre el rendimiento de grano del trigo de invierno, producidos un año después del barbecho, variaron entre 260 y 600 kg ha−1.

Keywords

Glyphosatedowny brome, Bromus tectorum L.Russian thistle, Salsola tragus L.winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L.Low precipitation zoneplant competitionsoil water storage
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 29 , Issue 4 , December 2015 , pp. 707 - 715
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Aaron G. Hager, University of Illinois.

References

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