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Comparing Physical, Chemical, and Cold Stratification Methods for Alleviating Dormancy of Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) Seeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Eric R. Page  and
Robert E. Nurse
Eric R. Page*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, 2585 County Road 20, Harrow, ON, Canada, N0R 1G0
Robert E. Nurse
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, 2585 County Road 20, Harrow, ON, Canada, N0R 1G0
*
Corresponding author's email: [email protected].
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Abstract

Giant ragweed has become an increasingly important weed of arable land in many parts of North America. It is now a common weed of row crop production systems, a fact that can be attributed to earlier crop planting dates, reduced tillage, and the development of resistance to Group 2 and 9 herbicides. The propagation of giant ragweed seedlings for experimental purposes is a lengthy process because up to 90 d of stratification is often required to alleviate primary seed dormancy. The objective of this research was to evaluate physical, chemical, and cold stratification methods for alleviating seed dormancy in giant ragweed and reducing the length of cold stratification required. Results indicate that the most effective method for alleviating dormancy in seed of giant ragweed is to excise the embryo from its covering structures. By excising the embryo, 96% of viable giant ragweed seeds germinated with no stratification. In contrast, untreated seeds required a minimum of 6 wk of stratification to alleviate dormancy in a similar proportion of the population. Although excising embryos requires time and effort, the time savings relative to stratification make it an attractive method for propagating giant ragweed seedlings.

Ambrosia trifida se ha convertido en una maleza cada vez más importante en terrenos arables en muchas partes de Norteamérica. Esta maleza es ahora común en sistemas de producción de cultivos, un hecho que puede ser atribuido a fechas de siembra de cultivos más tempranas, labranza reducida, y el desarrollo de resistencia a herbicidas de los Grupos 2 y 9. La propagación de plántulas de A. trifida para fines experimentales es un proceso largo porque frecuentemente se requieren hasta 90 d de estratificación para aliviar la dormición primaria de la semilla. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar métodos físicos, químicos, y de estratificación con frío para aliviar la dormición de la semilla en A. trifida y así reducir la duración de la estratificación con frío requerida. Los resultados indican que el método más efectivo para aliviar la dormición en semillas de A. trifida es extraer el embrión de las estructuras de cobertura de la semilla. Al extraer el embrión, 96% de las semillas viables de A. trifida germinaron en ausencia de estratificación. En contraste, semillas sin tratamiento requirieron un mínimo de 6 semanas de estratificación para aliviar la dormición en una proporción similar de la población. Aunque extraer los embriones requiere tiempo y esfuerzo, el ahorro relativo de tiempo en comparación con la estratificación, hace este método atractivo para la propagación de plántulas de A. trifida.

Keywords

Giant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L. AMBTRCumulative germinationexcised embryogibberellic acidphysiological seed dormancyWeibull function
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 29 , Issue 2 , June 2015 , pp. 311 - 317
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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