Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T11:36:32.774Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Allelopathic Potential of Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Methanol and Ethyl Acetate Extracts on Weeds and Vegetables

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Erin C. Hill
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, A428 Plant and Soil Science Bldg., East Lansing, MI, 48824
Mathieu Ngouajio*
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, A428 Plant and Soil Science Bldg., East Lansing, MI, 48824
Muraleedharan G. Nair
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, A428 Plant and Soil Science Bldg., East Lansing, MI, 48824
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Bioassay experiments were conducted to determine the phytotoxicity of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of hairy vetch and cowpea residues on the germination and radicle elongation of three vegetable crops and three weed species. The species tested included common chickweed, redroot pigweed, wild carrot, tomato, corn, and cucumber. The extracts of both species were dissolved in methanol to yield seven concentrations ranging from 0 to 8 g/L. Germination was significantly reduced by methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of hairy vetch extracts except for corn and tomato. Common chickweed and wild carrot were the only species that showed consistent reduction in germination with the methanol and ethyl acetate cowpea extracts. The radicle growth of most species, with the exception of corn and cucumber, was reduced by the extracts of both cover crops. Corn and cucumber radicle elongation was stimulated at low concentrations of the extracts; however, these observations were not significantly different among treatments. This study demonstrated that methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of hairy vetch and cowpea contained allelopathic compounds and that their phytotoxicity is likely species specific. Future studies should focus on the identification and isolation of the allelochemical(s) found in the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the hairy vetch and cowpea residues.

Type
Research
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Barnes, J. P., Putnam, A. R., and Burke, B. A. 1986. Allelopathic activity of rye (Secale cereale L). Pages Pages271286. in Putnam, A.R. and Tang, C. eds. The Science of Allelopathy. New York Wiley.Google Scholar
Ben-Hammouda, M., Ghorbal, H., Kremer, R. J., and Oueslati, O. 2001. Allelopathic effects of barley extracts on germination and seedlings growth of bread and durum wheats. Agronomie 21:6571.Google Scholar
Beninger, C. W. and Hall, J. C. 2005. Allelopathic activity of luteolin 7-O-β-glucuronide isolated from Chrysanthemum morifolium L. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 33:103111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caamal-Maldonado, J. A., Jimenez-Osornio, J. J., Torres-Barragan, A., and Anaya, A. L. 2001. The use of allelopathic legume cover and mulch species for weed control in cropping systems. Agron. J. 93:2736.Google Scholar
Chon, S., Jang, H., Kim, D., Kim, Y., Boo, H., and Kim, Y. 2005. Allelopathic potential in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants. Sci. Hort. 106:309317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chon, S., Kim, Y., and Lee, J. 2003. Herbicide potential and quantification of causative allelochemicals from several Compositae weeds. Weed Res. 43:4445.Google Scholar
Djurdjevic, L., Dinic, A., Pavlovic, P., Mitrovic, M., Karadzic, B., and Tesevic, V. 2004. Allelopathic potential of Allium ursinum L. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 32:533544.Google Scholar
Hill, E. C., Ngouajio, M., and Nair, M. G. 2006. Differential response of weeds and vegetable crops to aqueous extracts of hairy vetch and cowpea. Hort. Sci. 43:695700.Google Scholar
Hoffman, M. L., Regnier, E. E., and Cardina, J. 1993. Weed and corn (Zea mays) responses to a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) cover crop. Weed Technol. 7:594599.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, C. M. and McGiffen, M. E. Jr. 2000. Cowpea cover crop mulch for weed control in desert pepper production. Hort. Sci. 35:196198.Google Scholar
Iqbal, Z., Hiradate, S., Noda, A., Isojima, S. I., and Fujii, Y. 2003. Allelopathic activity of buckwheat: isolation and characterization of phenolics. Weed Sci. 51:657662.Google Scholar
Jefferson, L. V. and Pennacchio, M. 2003. Allelopathic effects of foliage extracts from four Chenopodiaceae species on seed germination. J. Arid Environ. 55:275285.Google Scholar
Kato-Noguchi, H. and Tanaka, Y. 2004. Allelopathic potential of Citrus junos fruit waste from food processing industry. Biores. Technol. 94:221–214.Google Scholar
Kong, C., Xu, X., Zhou, B., Hu, F., Zhang, C., and Zhang, M. 2004. Two compounds from allelopathic rice accession and their inhibitory activity on weeds and fungal pathogens. Phytochemisty 65:11231128.Google Scholar
Kuo, S., Sainju, U. M., and Jellum, E. J. 1997. Winter cover crop effects on soil organic carbon and carbohydrate in soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 61:145152.Google Scholar
Leather, G. R. and Einhellig, F. A. 1986. Bioassays in the study of allelopathy. Pages Pages133145. in Putnam, A.R. and Tang, C. eds. The Science of Allelopathy. New York Wiley.Google Scholar
Leishman, M. R. 2001. Does the seed size/number trade off model determine plant community structure? An assessment of the model mechanisms and their generality. Oikos 93:294302.Google Scholar
Malik, R. K., Green, T. H., Brown, G. F., and Mays, D. 2000. Use of cover crops in short rotation hardwood plantations to control erosion. Biomass Bioenergy 18:479487.Google Scholar
Mohler, C. L. and Teasdale, J. R. 1993. Response of weed emergence to rate of Vicia villosa Roth and Secale cereale L. residue. Weed Res. 33:487499.Google Scholar
Molisch, H. 1937. Der einfluk einer pflanze auf die andere-Allelopathie. Jena, Germany Gustave Fischer.Google Scholar
Ngouajio, M., McGiffen, M. E. Jr., and Hutchinson, C. M. 2003. Effect of cover crop and management system on weed populations in lettuce. Crop Prot. 22:5764.Google Scholar
Ngouajio, M. and Mennan, H. 2005. Weed populations and pickling cucumber (Cucumis sativus) yield under summer and winter cover crop systems. Crop Prot. 24:521526.Google Scholar
Norsworthy, J. K. and Meehan, J. T. IV. 2005. Herbicidal activity of eight isothiocyanates on Texas panicum (Panicum texanum), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia). Weed Sci. 53:515520.Google Scholar
Putnam, A. R. 1988. Allelochemicals from plants as herbicides. Weed Technol. 2:510518.Google Scholar
Putnam, A. R. and DeFrank, J. 1983. Use of phytotoxic plant residues for selective weed control. Crop Prot. 2:173181.Google Scholar
Rimando, A. M., Olofsdotter, M., Dayan, F. E., and Duke, S. O. 2001. Searching for rice allelochemicals: an example of bioassay-guided isolation. Agron. J. 93:1620.Google Scholar
Samarajeewa, K. B. D. P., Horiuchi, T., and Oba, S. 2006. Finger millet (Eleucince corocana L. Gaertn.) as a cover crop on weed control, growth and yield of soybean under different tillage systems. Soil Till. Res. 90:9399.Google Scholar
Schroeder, J. L., Kahn, B. A., and Lynd, J. Q. 1998. Utilization of cowpea crop residues to reduce fertilizer nitrogen inputs with fall broccoli. Crop Sci. 38:741749.Google Scholar
Singh, H. P., Batish, D. R., and Kohli, R. K. 2003. Allelopathic interactions and allelochemicals: new possibilities for sustainable weed management. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 22:239311.Google Scholar
Sinkkonen, A. 2003. A model describing chemical interference caused by decomposing residues at different densities of growing plants. Plant Soil 250:315322.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. 1996. Contribution of cover crops to weed management in sustainable agriculture systems. J. Prod. Agric. 9:475479.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. and Daughtry, C. S. T. 1993. Weed suppression by live and desiccated hairy vetch (Vicia villosa). Weed Sci. 41:207212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, K. H., McSorley, K., and Gallaher, R. N. 2003. Host status and amendment effects of cowpea on Meloidogyne incognita in vegetable cropping systems. Nematropica 33:215224.Google Scholar
Weston, L. A. 1996. Utilization of allelopathy for weed management in agroecosystems. Agron. J. 88:860866.Google Scholar
Weston, L. A. and Duke, S. O. 2003. Weed and crop allelopathy. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 22:367389.Google Scholar
White, R. H., Worsham, D., and Blum, U. 1989. Allelopathic potential of legume debris and aqueous extracts. Weed Sci. 37:674679.Google Scholar