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Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitor–Resistant False Cleavers (Galium spurium) in Western Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Hugh J. Beckie ,
Suzanne I. Warwick ,
Connie A. Sauder ,
Gina M. Kelln  and
Chris Lozinski
Hugh J. Beckie*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X2, Canada
Suzanne I. Warwick
Affiliation:
AAFC, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, K.W. Neatby Building, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
Connie A. Sauder
Affiliation:
AAFC, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, K.W. Neatby Building, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
Gina M. Kelln
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
Chris Lozinski
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X2, Canada
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Cleavers species (false cleavers and catchweed bedstraw) are among the top 10 most abundant weeds across the prairie region of western Canada, and are increasing in relative abundance at the fastest rate since the 1970s. In 2008, two false cleavers populations from Tisdale and Choiceland, Saskatchewan, were suspected of acetolactate synthase (ALS) –inhibitor resistance. Dose-response experiments were conducted with the use of imazethapyr and florasulam, both ALS inhibitors, as well as fluroxypyr, a synthetic auxin. Additionally, a 1,954–base-pair region of the ALS gene including sites known to confer ALS resistance were sequenced. Both populations were highly resistant to imazethapyr (resistance factors greater than 100), one population (Tisdale) was highly resistant to florasulam (Choiceland population susceptible, although a second, larger screening of 200 individuals indicated low frequency [2%] florasulam resistance), and both populations were susceptible to fluroxypyr. All sequenced Tisdale individuals screened with imazethapyr posessed the Trp574Leu mutation. In contrast, three point mutations were found for Choiceland individuals sequenced: Ser653Asn, Trp574Leu, and Asp376Glu. These ALS target-site mutations have not been documented previously in this species.

Las especies Galium spurium y Galium aparine están entre las diez malezas más abundantes a lo largo de la región Pradera del occidente de Canadá y están incrementando en abundancia relativa a la tasa más rápida desde los años setenta. En 2008, dos poblaciones de G. spurium de Tisdale y Choiceland, Saskatchewan, fueron sospechosas de ser resistentes a los inhibidores de acetolactate synthase (ALS). Se realizaron experimentos de respuesta a dosis usando imazethapyr y florasulam, ambos inhibidores de ALS, así como también fluroxypyr, una auxina sintética. Adicionalmente, fue secuenciada una región 1954-pb del gen ALS que incluye sitios que se sabe confieren resistencia ALS. Ambas poblaciones fueron altamente resistentes a imazethapyr (factores de resistencia mayores que 100); una población (Tisdale) fue altamente resistente a florasulam. La población Choiceland resultó ser susceptible, aunque una segunda y mayor selección de 200 individuos indicó baja frecuencia de resistencia a florasulam (2%), y ambas poblaciones fueron susceptibles a fluroxypyr. Todos los individuos secuenciados de Tisdale, tratados con imazethapyr, exhibieron la mutación Trp574Leu. En contraste, tres puntos de mutación se encontraron en los individuos secuenciados de Choiceland: Ser653Asn, Trp574Leu y Asp376Glu. Estas mutaciones ALS en el sitio-objetivo no habían sido documentadas previamente en estas especies.

Keywords

Florasulamfluroxypyrimazethapyrcatchweed bedstraw, Galium aparine L.false cleavers, Galium spurium L. GALSPALS gene sequencingALS-inhibitor resistanceherbicide resistancetarget-site mutation
Type
Notes
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 26 , Issue 1 , March 2012 , pp. 151 - 155
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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