Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T02:12:59.007Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Weed Community and Species Response to Crop Rotation, Tillage, and Nitrogen Fertility

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Randy L. Anderson
Affiliation:
Central Great Plains Research Station, Akron, CO 80720
Don L. Tanaka
Affiliation:
Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, Mandan, ND 58554
Al L. Black
Affiliation:
Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, Mandan, ND 58554
Edward E. Schweizer
Affiliation:
Fort Collins, CO 80525

Abstract

Producers in the northern Great Plains are exploring alternative crop rotations, with the goal of replacing spring wheat-fallow. We characterized the weed associations occurring with tillage system and nitrogen level in two rotations, spring wheat (SW)-fallow (F) and SW-winter wheat (WW)-sunflower (SUN). Weed density was measured 10 yr after initiation of the study. With both rotations, weed community density was highest with no-till. For SW-F, green foxtail, yellow foxtail, and fairy candelabra comprised 99% of the weed community, whereas 13 species were observed in SW-WW-SUN. Fairy candelabra, a rangeland species, was observed only in the no-till system of SW-F. In SW-WW-SUN, no-till favored kochia, Russian thistle, and foxtails, whereas common lambsquarters and annual sowthistle were more common in tilled systems. Nitrogen fertilizer increased crop competitiveness in SW-WW-SUN with no-till, subsequently reducing weed density. Cultural strategies that disrupt weed associations will aid producers in managing weeds.

Type
Research
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Aldrich, R. J. 1984. Crop production practices and weeds. In Weed–Crop Ecology. Principles in Weed Management. North Scituate, MA: Breton Publishers. pp. 373398.Google Scholar
Anderson, R. L. and Nielsen, D. C. 1996. Emergence patterns of five weed species in the Great Plains. Weed Technol. 10:744749.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, A. and Bauer, A. 1990. Sustainable cropping systems for the Northern Great Plains. In Proceedings of the Great Plains Conservation Tillage Symposium. Bismarck, ND. August 21–23, 1990. Bismark, ND: Conservation Tillage Task Force. pp. 1521.Google Scholar
Black, A. L. 1983. Cropping practices: northern Great Plains. In Dregne, H. E. and Willis, W. O., eds. Dryland Agriculture. American Society of Agronomy Monograph Ser. 23. pp. 398406.Google Scholar
Black, A. L., Brown, P. L., Halvorson, A. D., and Siddoway, F. H. 1981. Dryland cropping strategies for efficient water use to control saline seeps in the Northern Great Plains. Agric. Water Manage. 4:295311.Google Scholar
Black, A. L. and Siddoway, F. H. 1977. Winter wheat recropping on dryland as affected by stubble height and nitrogen fertilization. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 41:11861190.Google Scholar
Black, A. L. and Tanaka, D. L. 1997. A conservation tillage-cropping systems study in the northern Great Plains of the United States. In Paul, E. A., Paustian, K., Elliot, E. T., et al. eds. Soil Organic Matter in Temperate Agroecosystems. New York: CRC Press. pp. 335342.Google Scholar
Blackshaw, R. E., Larney, F. O., Lindwall, C. W., and Kozub, G. C. 1994. Crop rotation and tillage effect on weed populations on the semi-arid Canadian prairies. Weed Technol. 8:231237.Google Scholar
Crutchfield, D. A., Wicks, G. A., and Burnside, O. C. 1985. Effect of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw mulch level on weed control. Weed Sci. 34:110114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dale, M. T., Thomas, A. G., and John, E. A. 1992. Environmental factors including weed management practices as correlates of weed community composition in spring seeded crops. Can. J. Bot. 70:19311939.Google Scholar
Derksen, D. A., Thomas, A. G., Lafond, G. P., Loeppky, H. A., and Swanton, C. J. 1994. impact of agronomic practices on weed communities: fallow within tillage systems. Weed Sci. 42:184194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Tomaso, J. M. 1995. Approaches for improving crop competitiveness through the manipulation of fertilization strategies. Weed Sci. 43:491497.Google Scholar
Donald, W. W. and Nalewaja, J. D. 1990. Northern Great Plains. In Donald, W. W., ed. Systems of Weed Control in Wheat in North America. Champaign, IL: Weed Science Society of America. pp. 90126.Google Scholar
Doran, J. W., Sarratonio, M., and Liebig, M. A. 1996. Soil health and sustainability. Adv. Agron. 56:154.Google Scholar
Froud-Williams, R. J. 1988. Changes in weed flora with different tillage and agronomic management systems. In Altieri, M. A. and Liebman, M., eds. Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Approaches. Boca Baton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 213236.Google Scholar
Haas, H. and Streibig, J. C. 1982. Changing patterns of weed distribution as a result of herbicide use and other agronomic factors. In LeBaron, H. M. and Gressel, J., eds. Herbicide Resistance in Plants. New York: J. Wiley. pp. 5779.Google Scholar
Hume, L. 1982. The long-term effects of fertilizer application and three rotations on weed communities in wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 62:741750.Google Scholar
Koskinen, W. G. and McWhorter, C. G. 1986. Weed control in conservation tillage. J. Soil Water Conserv. 41:365370.Google Scholar
Miller, S. D. and Nalewaja, J. D. 1985. Weed spectrum change and control in reduced-till wheat. N. D. Farm Res. 41:1114.Google Scholar
Moyer, J. R., Romain, E. S., Lindwall, C. W., and Blackshaw, R. E. 1994. Weed management in conservation tillage systems for wheat production in North and South America. Crop Prot. 13:243258.Google Scholar
O'Donovan, J. T., McAndrew, D. W., and Thomas, A. G. 1997. Tillage and nitrogen influence weed population dynamics in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Weed Technol. 11:502509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peterson, D. E. and Nalewaja, J. D. 1992. Environment influences green foxtail (Setaria viridis) competition with wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Technol. 6:607610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peterson, G. A., Schlegel, A. J., Tanaka, D. L., and Jones, O. R. 1996. Precipitation use efficiency as affected by cropping and tillage systems. J. Prod. Agric. 9:180186.Google Scholar
Peterson, G. A., Westfall, D. G., and Cole, C. V. 1993. Agroecosystem approach to soil and crop management research. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57:13541360.Google Scholar
Schweizer, E. E. and Zimdahl, R. L. 1984. Weed seed decline in irrigated soil after rotation of crops and herbicides. Weed Sci. 32:7683.Google Scholar
Tanaka, D. L. and Anderson, R. L. 1997. Soil water storage and precipitation storage efficiency of conservation tillage systems. J. Soil Water Conserv. 52:363367.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R., Beste, C. E., and Potts, W. E. 1991. Response of weeds to tillage and cover crop residue. Weed Sci. 39:195199.Google Scholar
Thomas, A. G. and Dale, M. T. 1991. Weed community structure in spring-seeded crops in Manitoba. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:10691080.Google Scholar
Thomas, A. G. and Frick, B. L. 1993. Influence of tillage systems on weed abundance in Southwestern Ontario. Weed Technol. 7:699705.Google Scholar