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Use of a Rolled-rye Cover Crop for Weed Suppression in No-Till Soybeans

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ruth A. Mischler ,
William S. Curran ,
Sjoerd W. Duiker  and
Jeffrey A. Hyde
Ruth A. Mischler
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802
William S. Curran*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802
Sjoerd W. Duiker
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802
Jeffrey A. Hyde
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Cover crop management with a roller/crimper might reduce the need for herbicide. Weed suppression from a rolled cereal rye cover crop was compared to no cover crop with and without postemergence herbicide application in no-till soybean. The experiment was designed as a two-way factorial with rye termination and soybean planting date as the first factor and weed control treatment as the second. Cereal rye was drill-seeded in late September and managed using glyphosate followed by a roller/crimper in the spring. Soybean was no-till seeded after rolling and glyphosate was applied postemergence about 6 wk after planting to half the plots. Rye biomass doubled when delaying rye kill by 10 to 20 d. Weed density and biomass were reduced by the rye cover crop in all site–location combinations except one, but delaying rye kill and soybean planting date only reduced both weed density and biomass at a single location. The cover crop mulch provided weed control similar to the postemergence herbicide in two of four locations. Treatments did not affect soybean grain yield in 2007. In 2008, yield at Landisville with rye alone was equal to those yields receiving the postemergence herbicide, whereas at Rock Springs, it was equivalent or less. The net added cost of a rye cover crop was $123 ha−1 with or $68.50 ha−1 without a postemergence herbicide application. A rolled-rye cover crop sometimes provided acceptable weed control, but weed control alone did not justify the use of the cover crop. The potential for reduced herbicide use and other ecosystem services provided by a cover crop justify further refinement and research in this area.

El manejo de cultivos de cobertera utilizando rodillo podría reducir la necesidad de herbicidas. Se comparó la supresión de la maleza con centeno (Secale cereale L.) como cultivo de cobertera apisonado con rodillo, con un tratamiento sin cobertera con o sin aplicación de herbicida postemergente en un cultivo de soya sin labranza. El experimento se diseñó como factorial de dos vías con la fecha de eliminación del centeno y la siembra de la soya como el primer factor y el tratamiento del control de maleza como el segundo. El centeno fue sembrado con maquinaria a finales de septiembre y tratado con glifosato seguido por el paso de un rodillo en la primavera. La soya se sembró en suelo sin labranza después de pasar el rodillo, y el glifosato se aplicó a la mitad de las parcelas en forma postemergente aproximadamente 6 semanas después de la siembra. La biomasa del centeno se duplicó cuando se retrasó su eliminación química de 10 a 20 días. La densidad y la biomasa de la maleza se redujeron con el uso de centeno en todas las combinaciones sitio-localidad excepto una, pero el retraso en la fecha de eliminación del centeno y la siembra de la soya, sólo disminuyeron la densidad y biomasa de la maleza en una sola localidad. El cultivo de cobertera, proporcionó un control de maleza similar al herbicida postemergente en dos de los cuatro sitios. Los tratamientos no afectaron el rendimiento del grano de soya en 2007. En 2008, el rendimiento en Landisville con sólo centeno fue igual a los rendimientos obtenidos con la aplicación del herbicida postemergente, mientras en Rock Springs fue equivalente o menor. El costo neto adicional de un cultivo de cobertera de centeno fue de $123 US ha−1 con la aplicación postemergente de herbicida o de $68.50 US ha−1 sin ella. El cultivo de centeno y uso del rodillo, algunas veces proporcionó un control aceptable de maleza, pero el control de maleza por sí solo no justificó el uso del cultivo de cobertera. El potencial para la reducción en el uso de herbicidas y otros servicios al ecosistema proporcionados por un cultivo de cobertera, justifican mayor refinamiento e investigación en esta área.

Keywords

Glyphosaterye, Secale cereale L.soybean, Glycine max L.Cover crop mulchglyphosateherbicideroller/crimpertermination timing
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , September 2010 , pp. 253 - 261
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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