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Tolerance of Bell Pepper to Herbicides Applied through a Drip Irrigation System

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Peter J. Dittmar ,
David W. Monks  and
Katherine M. Jennings
Peter J. Dittmar
Affiliation:
Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
David W. Monks
Affiliation:
Department of Horticultural Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
Katherine M. Jennings
Affiliation:
Department of Horticultural Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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Abstract

Drip irrigation is installed under polyethylene mulch to supply irrigation and nutrients to vegetables grown in plasticulture. This irrigation system also provides an alternative method for application of herbicides into the plant bed for control of yellow and purple nutsedge. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine bell pepper tolerance to halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron applied POST (over the top of pepper in greenhouse study, POST-directed in the field study) or soil applied (applied by hand with water in greenhouse study or through drip irrigation in the field study). In greenhouse studies, pepper injury from halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron applied POST was similar at 14 and 21 d after treatment (DAT; 21 to 35% and 54 to 60%, respectively). Halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron soil applied in greenhouse studies caused 6 to 8% and 13 to 20% injury to pepper at 14 and 21 DAT, respectively. Pepper injury in greenhouse studies increased as rate of halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron increased regardless of application method (soil or POST applied). Dry pepper weight at 28 DAT followed an inverse linear response to increasing rates of halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron. In field studies, bell pepper height among herbicide treatments ranged from 32 to 37 cm at 14 DAT and was not different from the nontreated check (36 cm). Number one grade (7.8 to 14.7 MT ha−1) and fancy grade (2.1 to 2.8 MT ha−1) pepper fruit yield was not different in herbicide-treated pepper compared with yield of pepper in the nontreated check (10.0 to 26.6 MT ha−1, respectively). Based on these studies, pepper has excellent crop tolerance to halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron applied through drip irrigation or POST-directed but is not tolerant to POST applications.

El riego por goteo es instalado bajo una cobertura plástica (polyethylene) para suplir riego y nutrientes a vegetales producidos en plasticultura. Este sistema de riego también brinda un método alternativo para la aplicación de herbicidas dentro de la cama de siembra para el control de Cyperus esculentus y Cyperus rotundus. Se realizaron experimentos de invernadero y de campo para determinar la tolerancia del pimiento a halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, y trifloxysulfuron aplicados POST (sobre el pimiento en el estudio de invernadero y POST-dirigido en el estudio de campo) o aplicados al suelo (aplicados manualmente con agua en el estudio de invernadero o a través del riego por goteo en el estudio de campo). En los estudios de invernadero, el daño al pimiento causado por halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, y trifloxysulfuron aplicados POST fue similar a 14 y 21 d después del tratamiento (DAT; 21 a 35% y 54 a 60%, respectivamente). Halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, y trifloxysulfuron aplicados al suelo en los estudios de invernadero causaron 6 a 8% y 13 a 20% de daño al pimiento a 14 y 21 DAT, respectivamente. El daño al pimiento, en los estudios de invernadero, aumentó al incrementarse la dosis de halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, y trifloxysulfuron sin importar el método de aplicación (aplicados al suelo o POST). El peso seco del pimiento a 28 DAT siguió una respuesta inversa lineal a dosis incrementales de halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, y trifloxysulfuron. En los estudios de campo, la altura del pimiento varió entre los tratamientos de herbicidas desde 32 a 37 cm a 14 DAT y no fue diferente del testigo sin tratamiento (36 cm). El rendimiento de fruto grado uno (7.8 a 14.7 MT ha−1) y fancy (2.1 a 2.8 MT ha−1) del pimiento no fue diferente en pimiento tratado con herbicidas al compararse con el rendimiento del pimiento en el testigo sin tratamiento (7.8 a 26.6 MT ha−1, respectivamente). Con base en estos estudios, el pimiento tiene una excelente tolerancia a halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, y trifloxysulfuron aplicados a través del riego por goteo o POST-dirigido, pero no es tolerante a las aplicaciones POST.

Keywords

Halosulfuronimazosulfurontrifloxysulfuronpurple nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L.yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L.bell pepper, Capsicum annuum L.Application methodmethyl bromide alternativessulfonylurea
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , June 2016 , pp. 486 - 491
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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