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Target-Site ACCase-Resistant Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Selected in Summer Dicot Crops

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

L. Scarabel ,
S. Panozzo ,
W. Savoia  and
M. Sattin
L. Scarabel
Affiliation:
Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF), CNR, AGRIPOLIS, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
S. Panozzo
Affiliation:
Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF), CNR, AGRIPOLIS, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
W. Savoia
Affiliation:
Syngenta Crop Protection S.p.A., Via Gallarate 139, 20151 Milano, Italy
M. Sattin*
Affiliation:
Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF), CNR, AGRIPOLIS, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Johnsongrass is a troublesome weed infesting spring–summer crops. Poor control of johnsongrass after fluazifop-p-butyl treatments has been reported in central to northern Italy. Greenhouse and outdoor dose–response experiments revealed that four populations were highly resistant to fluazifop-p-butyl. All four were cross-resistant to other aryloxyphenoxypropionate (FOP) herbicides—propaquizafop, quizalofop, and haloxyfop. The resistance indexes ranged between 8 and 25 for propaquizafop and quizalofop, whereas a greater variability between populations was detected in response to haloxyfop. Conversely, cycloxydim and clethodim determined only a shift in the susceptibility with resistance index (RI) values of 2 to 3. Molecular analyses revealed that resistant plants possessed an insensitive acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase (ACCase) target enzyme due to an Ile-to-Asn substitution at codon 2041. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such a mutation endowing ACCase resistance in johnsongrass. A molecular marker (CAPS assay) was developed for its rapid detection. Alternative mode of action herbicides S-metolachlor and nicosulfuron controlled all the FOP-resistant populations. Only a few chemical options are still available, and they have different efficacy on germinating seeds and sprouting rhizomes. To maintain efficacy over time, herbicides should be integrated with agronomic practices.

Sorghum halepense es una maleza problemática que infesta cultivos de primavera y verano. En el centro y norte de Italia se ha reportado un control pobre de S. halepense después de tratamientos con fluazifop-p-butyl. Experimentos de respuesta a dosis en invernadero y al aire libre revelaron que cuatro poblaciones fueron altamente resistentes a fluazifop-p-butyl. Las cuatro poblaciones tuvieron resistencia cruzada a otros herbicidas aryloxyphenoxypropionate (FOP), tales como propaquizafop, quizalofop, y haloxyfop. Los índices de resistencia variaron entre 8 y 25 para propaquizafop y quizalofop, mientras que se detectó una mayor variabilidad entre poblaciones en respuesta a haloxyfop. En cambio, cycloxydim y clethodim determinó solamente una cambio menor en la susceptibilidad con valores del índice de resistencia (RI) de 2 a 3. Análisis moleculares revelaron que las plantas resistentes poseían una enzima acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase (ACCase) insensible debido a una sustitución de Ile por Asn en el codón 2041. Con base en nuestro conocimiento, este es el primer reporte de esta mutación que confiere resistencia a ACCase en S. halepense. Un marcador molecular (ensayo CAPS) fue desarrollado para la detección rápida de la mutación. Herbicidas con modos de acción alternativos, como S-metolachlor y nicosulfuron controlaron todas las poblaciones resistentes a FOP. Solamente unos pocas opciones químicas están todavía disponibles, y estas tienen diferente eficacia sobre semillas germinadas y rizomas rebrotados. Para mantener la eficacia a lo largo del tiempo, estos herbicidas deberían ser integrados con prácticas agronómicas.

Keywords

Fluazifop-p-butylpropaquizafopquizalofophaloxyfopcycloxydimclethodimS-metolachlornicosulfuronjohnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.Cross-resistanceresistance managementAsn2041Ile mutationmolecular marker
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 28 , Issue 2 , June 2014 , pp. 307 - 315
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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