Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T10:11:35.699Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Multiple Season Reductions in Herbicide, Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum), and Irrigation in Corn

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Randall S. Currie ,
Norman L. Klocke ,
Holly N. Davis  and
Lawrent L. Buschman
Randall S. Currie*
Affiliation:
Kansas State University Southwest Research-Extension Center, 4500 E. Mary Street, Garden City, KS 67846
Norman L. Klocke
Affiliation:
Kansas State University Southwest Research-Extension Center, 4500 E. Mary Street, Garden City, KS 67846
Holly N. Davis
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506
Lawrent L. Buschman
Affiliation:
Kansas State University Southwest Research-Extension Center, 4500 E. Mary Street, Garden City, KS 67846
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This research explored the use of downy brome (BROTE) as a cover crop in irrigated corn. Although BROTE is a difficult weed to control, it could not be maintained as a cover crop in no-till irrigated corn for more than one season. A 10-fold reduction in BROTE occurred in the second year of corn. By the fourth year, only one BROTE plant could be found at the two locations. Because BROTE did not persist across years, soil coverage decreased 5 to 18% in the later location-years. At one location, normal herbicide rates decreased Johnsongrass biomass more than 22-fold both years it was applied. Increasing herbicide input decreased Palmer amaranth density more than 3-fold, but only in a single location-year. In three of six location-years, level of herbicide input had no significant effect on evapotranspiration (ET). Increased BROTE biomass decreased ET 0.033 to 0.083 cm/d during the first season at both locations. Increased irrigation increased corn yield by 240 to 1,900 kg/ha in five of six location-year combinations. Half rates of in-season herbicides reduced yield only in one of six location-years. High BROTE density reduced ET but did not translate into increased crop yield. In three of six location-year combinations, high BROTE density decreased yield by 300 to 1,000 kg/ha. In a single location-year, increased surface residues provided by BROTE increased yield by 560 kg/ha. Increased irrigation inputs decreased water use efficiency (WUE) by 6.3 kg/ha-cm in a single location-year and increased WUE by 10.8 to 121.6 kg/ha-cm in four of six location-years. Increased herbicide inputs increased WUE by 10.3 kg/ha-cm in one location-year. BROTE density had no significant effect on WUE at location 1. At location 2 in the first 2 yr, WUE was increased 9.4 to 22.2 kg/ha-cm.

Keywords

Downy brome, Bromus tectorum L. BROTEJohnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) PersPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. AMAPAcorn, Zea mays L.Integrated weed managementreduced herbicide rates
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 23 , Issue 3 , September 2009 , pp. 371 - 378
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Anderson, L., Stymiest, C. E., Swan, B. A., and Rickertsen, J. R. 2007. Weed community response to crop rotations in western South Dakota. Weed Technol 21:131–135.Google Scholar
Ball, D. A., Frost, S. M., Bennett, L. H., Thill, D. C., Rauch, T., Jemmett, E., Mallory-Smith, C., Cole, C., Yenish, J. P., and Rood, R. 2008. Control of rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros) in winter wheat. Weed Technol 21:583–590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boerboom, C. 2008. Is weed competition for nitrogen important? Proc. N. Cent. Weed Sci 63:178.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D., Mester, T. C., and Kohler, K. A. 1996. The effect of maize residues and tillage on emergence of Setaria faberi, Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Chenopodium album . Weed Res 36:153–165.Google Scholar
Currie, R. S. 1996. Effects of 38 herbicide tank mixes on control of pigweed, kochia, Johnsongrass and yellow foxtail. Pages 39–42. in. Field Day 1996, Southwest Research-Extension Center. Report of Progress 768. Manhattan, KS: Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University.Google Scholar
Currie, R. S. 2000. Comparisons of numerous balance rates to tank mixes of several other herbicides for weed control in corn. Pages 38–45. in. Field Day 2000, Southwest Research-Extension Center. Report of Progress 856. Manhattan, KS: Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University.Google Scholar
Currie, R. S. 2001. Comparisons of 46 herbicide tank mixes for weed control in liberty and pursuit tolerant corn. Pages 41–54. in. Field Day 2001, Southwest Research-Extension Center. Report of Progress 877. Manhattan, KS: Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University.Google Scholar
Currie, R. S. 2002. Comparisons of 44 herbicide tank mixes for weed control in Round-up ready corn. Pages 27–39. in. Field Day 2002, Southwest Research-Extension Center. Report of Progress 895. Manhattan, KS: Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University.Google Scholar
Currie, R. S. and Klocke, N. L. 2005. Impact of a terminated wheat cover crop in irrigated corn on atrazine rates and water use efficiency. Weed Sci 53:709–716.Google Scholar
Currie, R. S. and Klocke, N. L. 2008. Impact of irrigation and hail on Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol 22:448–452.Google Scholar
Dao, T. H. 1987. Crop residue and management of annual grass weeds in continuous no-till wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Sci 35:395–400.Google Scholar
Daugovish, O., Lyon, D. J., and Baltensperger, D. D. 1999. Cropping systems to control winter annual grasses in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Technol 13:120–126.Google Scholar
Davis, H. N., Currie, R. S., French, B. W., and Buschman, L. L. 2009. Impact of land management practices on carabids (Coleopteran: Carabidae) and other arthropods on the western high plains of North America. Southwest Entomol 34:43–59.Google Scholar
Field, L. A. and Ayisi, K. K. 1992. Seed yield and water-use efficiency of white lupin as influenced by irrigation, row spacing and weeds. Agron. J. 84:557–563.Google Scholar
Gallagher, R. S., Cardina, J., and Loux, M. 2003. Integration of cover crops with postemergence herbicides in no-till corn and soybeans. Weed Sci 51:995–1001.Google Scholar
Ghadiri, H., Shea, P. J., and Wicks, G. A. 1984. Interception and retention of atrazine by wheat stubble. Weed Sci 32:24–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kao, R. H., Brown, C. S., and Hufbauer, R. A. 2008. High phenotypic and molecular variation of downy brome (Bromus tectorum). Invasive Plant Sci. Manage 1:216–225.Google Scholar
Kladivko, E. J. 2001. Tillage systems and soil ecology. Soil Tillage Res 61:61–76.Google Scholar
Klocke, N. L., Currie, R. S., and Aiken, R. M. 2008. Soil water evaporation and crop residues. Trans. ASABE 22:448–452.Google Scholar
Klocke, N. L., Payero, J. O., and Schneekloth, J. P. 2007. Long-term response of corn to limited irrigation and crop rotations. Trans. ASABE 50:2117–2124.Google Scholar
Laflen, J. M., Amemiya, M. M., and Hintz, E. A. 1981. Measuring crop residue cover. J. Soil Water Conserv 36:341–343.Google Scholar
Lenssen, A. W. 2008. Planting date and preplant weed management influences yield, water use, and weed seed production in herbicide-free forage barley. Weed Technol 22:486–492.Google Scholar
Lins, R. D., Cole, C. M., Affeldt, R. P., Colquhoun, J. B., Mallory-Smith, C. A., Hines, R. A., Steckel, L., and Hayes, R. M. 2007. Glyphosate application timing and rate for annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) cover crop desiccation. Weed Technol 21:602–605.Google Scholar
Massinga, R. A., Currie, R. S., and Trooien, T. P. 2003. Water use and light interception under Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) corn (Zea mays) competition. Weed Sci 51:523–531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monnig, N. and Bradley, K. W. 2007. Influence of fall and early spring herbicide applications on winter and summer annual weed populations in no-till soybean. Weed Technol 21:724–731.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monnig, N., Clark, T. L., Bailey, W. C., and Bradley, K. W. 2007. Impact of fall and early spring herbicide applications on insect injury and soil conditions in no-till corn. Weed Technol 21:1002–1009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norris, R. F. 1996. Water use efficiency as a method for predicting water used by weeds. Weed Technol 10:153–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, J. F., Kirkham, D., and Read, A. H. 1955. Soil moisture determination by a portable neutron scattering moisture meter. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc 19:419–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, J. C., Peeper, T. F., and Stone, A. E. 2006. Rotational cropping systems to reduce cheat (Bromus secalinus) densities. Weed Technol 20:445–452.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. and Mohler, C. L. 1993. Light transmittance, soil temperature, and soil moisture under residue of hairy vetch and rye. Agron. J. 85:673–680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thill, D. C., Beck, K. G., and Callihan, R. H. 1984. The biology of downy brome (Bromus tectorum). Weed Sci (Suppl. 1:7–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, C., Schlegel, A., and Holman, J. 2008. Expressun sunflowers—a new weed control system. Pages 40–44. in. Field Day 2008, Southwest Research-Extension Center. Report of Progress 997. Manhattan, KS: Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University.Google Scholar