Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T03:59:22.777Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of gibberellic acid on vegetable crop and weed emergence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 October 2022

Jordan Schuler Open the ORCID record for Jordan Schuler [Opens in a new window]  and
Jed Colquhoun Open the ORCID record for Jed Colquhoun [Opens in a new window]
Jordan Schuler
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
Jed Colquhoun*
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Jed Colquhoun, Department of Horticulture, 1575 Linden Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Small-seeded vegetable crop production is challenged by poor emergence, stand establishment and canopy development, as well as a lack of effective weed control options. The potential use of plant growth regulators such as gibberellic acid (GA) could enhance early emergence and growth rates while potentially synchronizing weed germination with control tactics. In response, a controlled environment study was conducted to investigate the effects of GA on garden beet, cabbage, carrot, and onion. At 7 d after seeding (DAS) carrot emergence was greater when carrot seeds were treated with 2, 4, 8, 16, or 64 ppm GA compared with nontreated seeds. Total carrot emergence over the study period was 14% greater when seeds were treated with 4 ppm GA compared with nontreated seeds. Treatment of cabbage with as low as 2 to 4 ppm GA increased cabbage emergence rate and total plant emergence over the study period relative to nontreated seeds. Onion response to GA treatment was variable and unremarkable and was hypothesized to be influenced by seed dormancy because emergence was also low with the nontreated seeds. The GA rates that stimulated vegetable crop seed germination and emergence were then explored with three common weed species to determine whether a similar response was observed. If so, GA could be used to stimulate weed emergence in synchrony with management tactics. Palmer amaranth emergence was strongly affected by GA treatment, whereby the total number of emerged plants was 48% greater when 4 ppm GA was applied than in the nontreated check. Velvetleaf emergence at 3 DAS with the 4 and 8 ppm GA was 2.9 and 3.0 plants pot−1, respectively, compared to no emergence in the nontreated pots. Redroot pigweed emergence was not affected by GA treatment at any rate.

Keywords

gibberellic acidPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Watsonredroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L.velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medik.cabbage, Brassica oleracea L.carrot, Daucus carota L. var. sativus Hoffm.garden beet, Beta vulgaris L.onion, Allium cepa L.weed interferenceweed competitionvegetable cropsplant hormones
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 36 , Issue 6 , December 2022 , pp. 808 - 813
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor: Darren Robinson, University of Guelph

References

Andreoli, C, Khan, AA (1999) Matriconditioning integrated with gibberellic acid to hasten seed germination and improve stand establishment of pepper and tomato. Presqui Agropecu Bras 34:1953–1958 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bond, W, Burton, S, Bevan, JR, Lennartsson, ME (1998) Optimum weed removal timing in drilled salad onions and transplanted bulb onions grown in organic and conventional systems. Biol Agric Hortic 16:191–201 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colquhoun, JB, Chapman, SA, Gevens, AJ, Groves, RL, Heider, DJ, Jensen, BM, Nice, GR, Raurk, MD, Wang, Y (2022) Commercial Vegetable Production in Wisconsin – 2022. Madison: University of Wisconsin-Madison Extension publication. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0145/8808/4272/files/A3422-2022.pdf. Accessed: March 2022Google Scholar
Colquhoun, JB, Rittmeyer, RA, Heider, DJ (2017) Tolerance and suppression of weeds varies among carrot varieties. Weed Technol 31:897–902 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, TK, Das, DK (2018) Using chemical seed dormancy breakers with herbicides for weed management in soyabean and wheat. Weed Res 58:188–199 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Devi, J, Singh, D, Walia, I (2018) Effect of foliar GA3 and NAA on onion – a review. Plant Arch 18:1209–1214 Google Scholar
Ghani, MA, Abbas, MM, Ali, B, Aziz, R, Qadri, RW, Noor, A, Azam, M, Bahzad, S, Saleem, MH, Abualreesh, MH, Alatawi, A, Ali, S (2021) Alleviating role of gibberellic acid in enhancing plant growth and stimulating phenolic compounds in carrot (Daucus carota L.) under lead stress. Sustainability 13:123–129 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harms, CL, Oplinger, ES (1991) Plant growth regulators: Their use in crop production. North Central Region Ext Pub 303:1–6 Google Scholar
Heap, I (2022) The International Herbicide-Resistant Weed Database. www.weedscience.org. Accessed: March 7, 2022Google Scholar
Holm, RE, Miller, MR (1972) Weed seed germination responses to chemical and physical treatments. Weed Sci 20:150–153 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karimmojeni, H, Taab, A, Rashidi, B, Hossein Bazrafshan, A (2014) Dormancy breaking and seed germination of annual weeds Thlaspi arvense, Descurainia sophia and Malcolmia Africana (Brassicaceae). J Plant Prot Res 54:179–187 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leung, J, Giraudat, J (1998) Abscisic acid signal transduction. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 49:199–222 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mohler, C, Teasdale, J, DiTomasso, A (2022) Manage weeds on your farm: a guide to ecological strategies. College Park, MD: SARE Handbook Series 16, 416 pGoogle Scholar
Oliveira, MC, Osipitan, A, Begcy, K, Werle, R (2020) Cover crops, hormones and herbicides: Priming an integrated weed management strategy. Plant Sci 301:1–5 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Que, F, Hou, XL, Wang, GL, Xu, ZS, Tan, GF, Li, T, Wang, YH, Khadr, A, Xiong, AS (2019) Advances in research on the carrot, an important root vegetable in the Apiaceae family. Hortic Res 6:1–15 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, AG, Goffinet, MC, Pikuz, SA, Shelkovenko, TA, Mitchell, MD, Chandler, KM, Hammer, DA (2003) Physico-chemical factors influence beet (Beta vulgaris L.) seed germination. Pages 433–440 in Nicolás G, Bradford KJ, Côme D, Pritchard HW, eds., The Biology of Seeds: Recent Research Advances, Based on a Workshop held in Salamanca, Spain, May 2002. Wallingford, UK and Cambridge, MA: CABI PublishingCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wei, S, Zhang, C, Xuezheng, C, Li, X, Sui, B, Huang, H, Cui, H, Liu, Y, Zhang, M, Guo, F (2010) Rapid and effective methods for breaking seed dormancy in buffalobur (Solanum rostratum). Weed Sci 58:141–146 CrossRefGoogle Scholar