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Impact of auxin herbicides on Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) groundcover

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 September 2021

Grant L. Priess Open the ORCID record for Grant L. Priess [Opens in a new window] ,
Jason K. Norsworthy ,
Rodger B. Farr ,
Andy Mauromoustakos ,
Thomas R. Butts Open the ORCID record for Thomas R. Butts [Opens in a new window]  and
Trenton L. Roberts
Grant L. Priess*
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Distinguished Professor, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Rodger B. Farr
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Andy Mauromoustakos
Affiliation:
Professor, Agriculture Statistics Lab, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Thomas R. Butts
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Extension Weed Scientist, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Trenton L. Roberts
Affiliation:
Associate Professor of Soil Fertility/Soil Testing, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Grant L. Priess, 1366 W Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR72762. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

In current and next-generation weed control technologies, sequential applications of contact and systemic herbicides for postemergence control of troublesome weeds are needed to mitigate the evolution of herbicide resistance. A clear understanding of the impact auxin herbicide symptomology has on Palmer amaranth groundcover will aid optimization of sequential herbicide applications. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in Fayetteville, AR, and a laboratory experiment was conducted in Lonoke, AR, in 2020 to evaluate changes in Palmer amaranth groundcover following an application of 2,4-D and dicamba with various nozzles, droplet sizes, and velocities. Field experiments utilized three nozzles: Extended Range (XR), Air Induction Extended Range (AIXR), and Turbo TeeJet® Induction (TTI), to assess the effect of spray droplet size on changes in Palmer amaranth groundcover. Nozzle did not affect Palmer amaranth groundcover when dicamba was applied. However, nozzle selection did impact groundcover when 2,4-D was applied; the following nozzle order XR > AIXR > TTI reduced Palmer amaranth groundcover the most in both site-years of the field experiment. This result (XR > AIXR > TTI) matches percent spray coverage data for 2,4-D and is inversely related to spray droplet size data. Rapid reductions of Palmer amaranth groundcover from 100% at time zero to 39.4% to 64.1% and 60.0% to 85.8% were observed 180 min after application in greenhouse and field experiments, respectively, regardless of herbicide or nozzle. In one site-year of the greenhouse and field experiments, regrowth of Palmer amaranth occurred 10,080 min (14 d) after an application of either 2,4-D or dicamba to larger than labeled weeds. In all experiments, complete reduction of live Palmer amaranth tissue was not observed 21 d after application with any herbicide or nozzle combination. Control of Palmer amaranth escapes with reduced groundcover may potentially lead to increased selection pressure on sequentially applied herbicides due to a reduction in spray solution contact with the targeted pest.

Keywords

24-DdicambaPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri (S.) WatsonApplication equipmentdigital imagery analysisfield cropsherbicide interactionleaf areasymptomology
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 35 , Issue 5 , October 2021 , pp. 768 - 778
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Vipan Kumar, Kansas State University

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