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High Seed Retention at Maturity of Annual Weeds Infesting Crop Fields Highlights the Potential for Harvest Weed Seed Control

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Michael J. Walsh  and
Stephen B. Powles
Michael J. Walsh*
Affiliation:
Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6009, Australia
Stephen B. Powles
Affiliation:
Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6009, Australia
*
Corresponding author's Email: [email protected].
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Abstract

Seed production of annual weeds persisting through cropping phases replenishes/establishes viable seed banks from which these weeds will continue to interfere with crop production. Harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems are now viewed as an effective means of interrupting this process by targeting mature weed seed, preventing seed bank inputs. However, the efficacy of these systems is directly related to the proportion of total seed production that the targeted weed species retains (seed retention) at crop maturity. This study determined the seed retention of the four dominant annual weeds of Australian cropping systems - annual ryegrass, wild radish, brome grass, and wild oat. Beginning at the first opportunity for wheat harvest and on a weekly basis for 28 d afterwards the proportion of total seed production retained above a 15 cm harvest cutting height was determined for these weed species present in wheat crops at nine locations across the Western Australian (WA) wheat-belt. Very high proportions of total seed production were retained at wheat crop maturity for annual ryegrass (85%), wild radish (99%), brome grass (77%), and wild oat (84%). Importantly, seed retention remained high for annual ryegrass and wild radish throughout the 28 d harvest period. At the end of this period, 63 and 79% of total seed production for annual ryegrass and wild radish respectively, was retained above harvest cutting height. However, seed retention for brome grass (41%) and wild oat (39%) was substantially lower after 28 d. High seed retention at crop maturity, as identified here, clearly indicates the potential for HWSC systems to reduce seed bank replenishment and diminish subsequent crop interference by the four most problematic species of Australian crops.

La producción de semilla de malezas anuales, que persisten a lo largo de las fases de la producción de cultivos, repone/establece bancos de semilla viables a partir de los cuales estas malezas continuarán interfiriendo con la producción de cultivos. El control de semillas de malezas mediante sistemas de cosecha (HWSC) es ahora visto como un medio efectivo para interrumpir este proceso al enfocarse en semillas maduras de malezas, previniendo la entrada de nuevas semillas en el banco de semillas. Sin embargo, la eficacia de estos sistemas está directamente relacionada a la proporción del total de semilla producida que la especie de maleza retiene (retención de semilla) al momento de la madurez del cultivo. Este estudio determinó la retención de semilla de cuatro malezas anuales dominantes en sistemas de cultivos Australianos -Lolium rigidum, Raphanus raphanistrum, Bromus spp., y Avena fatua. Empezando en la primera oportunidad de cosecha de trigo, y siguiendo intervalos semanales durante 28 d, se determinó la proporción del total de la semilla producida que fue retenida sobre 15 cm (altura de corte de la cosechadora) para estas especies de malezas presentes en campos de trigo, en nueve localidades a lo largo de la faja de trigo en el oeste de Australia (WA). Proporciones muy altas de la semilla total producida fue retenida al momento de la madurez del trigo para L. rigidum (85%), R. raphanistrum (99%), Bromus spp. (77%), y A. fatua (84%). Importantemente, la retención de semilla se mantuvo alta para L. rigidum y R. raphanistrum durante los 28 d del período de cosecha. Al final de este período, se retuvo 63 y 79% del total de la semilla producida de L. rigidum y R. raphanistrum, respectivamente, por encima de la altura de corte de cosecha. Sin embargo, la retención de semilla para Bromus spp. (41%) y A. fatua (39%) fue sustancialmente menor después de 28 d. Alta retención de semilla al momento de la madurez del cultivo, como se identificó aquí, claramente indica el potencial de los sistemas HWSC para reducir la recuperación del banco de semillas y disminuir así la interferencia con el cultivo de cuatro de las especies de enivos reponecciones ar el daño que persisten a lo largo de las fases de la producci de daño para hacer proyecciones ar el daño enmalezas más problemáticas en cultivos Australianos.

Keywords

Annual ryegrass, Lolium rigidum Gaud. LOLKRIwild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum L. RAPRAwild oat, Avena fatua L. AVEFABrome grass, Bromus spp. Roth, BRODIwheat, Triticum aestivum L.Weed seed retentionherbicide resistanceseed bank
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 28 , Issue 3 , September 2014 , pp. 486 - 493
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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