Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T06:07:00.211Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Flixweed (Descurainia sophia) Shade Tolerance and Possibilities for Flixweed Management Using Rapeseed Seeding Rate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2017

Christopher A. Landau ,
Brian J. Schutte ,
Abdel O. Mesbah  and
Sangamesh V. Angadi
Christopher A. Landau*
Affiliation:
Graduate Student and Assistant Professor, Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88005
Brian J. Schutte
Affiliation:
Graduate Student and Assistant Professor, Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88005
Abdel O. Mesbah
Affiliation:
Associate Professor/Superintendent, Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Weed Sciences, New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Clovis, NM 88101
Sangamesh V. Angadi
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Clovis, NM 88101
*
*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Brassicaceae weeds can be problematic in canola varieties that have not been modified to resist specific broad-spectrum herbicides. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for increased rapeseed seeding rate as a management strategy for flixweed. To accomplish this objective, a field study was conducted to determine crop seeding rate effects on canopy light transmission and rapeseed yield characteristics, as well as a greenhouse study to determine morphological and photosynthetic responses of flixweed to decreasing irradiance levels. Results from the field study indicated that light transmittance through the canopy decreased linearly as crop seeding rate increased from 1.8 to 9.0 kg ha-1. Increasing crop seeding rate did not influence rapeseed aboveground biomass, seed yield, and harvest index, but negatively affected rapeseed seed oil content in one of two site-years. Greenhouse study results indicated that declining irradiance levels caused reductions in flixweed biomass, root allocation, and photosynthetic light compensation point. Flixweed leaf allocation, foliage area ratio, and specific foliage area increased in response to decreasing irradiance levels. Combined results of field and greenhouse studies suggest that increasing rapeseed seeding rate can suppress flixweed growth while not causing yield penalties from increased intraspecific competition. However, increased rapeseed seeding rate might not be an adequate control strategy on its own because flixweed displays characteristics of a shade-tolerant species.

Keywords

Flixweed, Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb. ex. Prantlrapeseed, Brassica napus L.Canola, cultural weed managementlight compensation pointlight transmittanceshade tolerance
Type
Weed Biology and Competition
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 31 , Issue 3 , June 2017 , pp. 477 - 486
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Robert Nurse, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.

References

Literature Cited

Aleric, KM, Kirkman, LK (2005) Growth and photosynthetic responses of the federally endangered shrub Lindera melissifolia (Lauraceae), to varied light environments. Am J Bot 92:682–689 Google Scholar
Angadi, SV, Cutforth, HW, McConkey, BG, Gan, Y (2003) Yield adjustment by canola grown at different plant populations under semiarid conditions. Crop Sci 43:1358–1366 Google Scholar
Arduini, I, Masoni, A, Ercoli, L, Mariotti, M (2006) Grain yield, and dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and remobilization in durum wheat as affected by variety and seeding rate. Eur J Agron 25:309–318 Google Scholar
Atkin, OK, Schortemeyer, M, McFarlane, N, Evans, JR (1998) Variation in the components of relative growth rate in ten Acacia species from contrasting environments. Plant Cell Environ 21:1007–1017 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, HG (1974) The evolution of weeds. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 5:1–24 Google Scholar
Baskin, CC, Milberg, P, Andersson, L, Baskin, JM (2004) Germination ecology of seeds of the annual weeds Capsella bursa-pastoris and Descurainia sophia originating from high northern latitudes. Weed Res 44:60–68 Google Scholar
Blackshaw, RE (1993) Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) density and row spacing effects on competition with green foxtail (Setaria viridis). Weed Sci 41:403–408 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyles, M, Bushong, J, Sanders, H, Stamm, M (2012) Great Plains Canola Production Handbook. Manhattan, KS: Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Pp 6–18 Google Scholar
Bushong, JA, Griffith, AP, Peeper, TF, Epplin, FM (2012) Continuous winter wheat versus a winter canola-winter wheat rotation. Agron J 104:324–330 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butts, TR, Norsworthy, JK, Kruger, GR, Sandell, LD, Young, BG, Steckel, LE, Loux, MM, Bradley, KW, Conley, SP, Stoltenberg, DE, Arriaga, FJ, Davis, V (2016) Management of pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) in glufosinate-resistant soybean in the Midwest and Mid-south. Weed Technol 30:355–365 Google Scholar
Christensen, JV, Drabble, JC (1984) Effect of row spacing and seeding rate on rapeseed yield in northwest Alberta. Can J Plant Sci 64:1011–1013 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, AS, Chase, CA, Stall, WM, Hutchinson, CM (2008) Optimum densities of three leguminous cover crops for suppression of smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus). Weed Sci 56:753–761 Google Scholar
Crawley, MJ (2007) The R Book. 1st edn. New York, NY: Wiley Publishing. Pp 629–660 Google Scholar
Davis, JB, Brown, J, Brennan, JS, Thill, DC (1999) Predicting decreases in canola (Brassica napus and B. rapa) oil and meal quality caused by contamination by Brassicaceae weed seeds. Weed Technol 13:239–243 Google Scholar
Degenhardt, DF, Kondra, ZP (1981) The influence of seeding date and seeding rate on seed yield and growth characters of 5 genotypes of Brassica napus . Can J Plant Sci 61:185–190 Google Scholar
Gomez, KA, Gomez, AA (1984) Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. 2nd edn. New York: Wiley Publishing. Pp 421–422 Google Scholar
Hammond, EG (1991) Organization of rapid analysis of lipids in many individual plants. Pages 321–330 in Linskens HF & Jackson JF, eds. Modern Methods of Plant Analysis. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. (Essential Oils and Waxes; Volume 12)Google Scholar
Harker, KN, O’Donovan, JT, Smith, EG, Johnson, EN, Peng, G, Willenberg, CJ, Gulden, RH, Mohr, R, Gill, KS, Grenkow, LA (2015) Seed size and seeding rate effects on canola emergence, development, yield and seed weight. Can J Plant Sci 95:1–8 Google Scholar
Hay, RKM (1995) Harvest index – a review of its use in plant-breeding and crop physiology. Ann Appl Biol 126:197–216 Google Scholar
Heap, I (2016) International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. http://www.weedscience.org accessed. Accessed October 12, 2016Google Scholar
Howard, HK, Daun, JK (1991) Oil content determination in oilseeds by NMR. Method of the Canadian Grain Commission Grain Research Laboratory. Winnipeg, Canada: Agriculture Canada. p 5 Google Scholar
Hunt, R, Burnett, JA (1973) The effects of light intensity and external potassium level on root/shoot ratio and rates of potassium uptake in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Ann Bot 37:519–537 Google Scholar
Jha, P, Norsworthy, JK, Riley, MB, Bielenberg, DG, Bridges, W (2008) Acclimation of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) to shading. Weed Sci 56:729–734 Google Scholar
Kutcher, HR, Turkington, TK, Clayton, GW, Harker, KN (2013) Response of herbicide-tolerant canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars to four row spacings and three seeding rates in a no-till production system. Can J Plant Sci 93:1229–1236 Google Scholar
Lambers, H, Charin, FS 3rd, Pons, TL (2008) Plant Physiological Ecology. 2nd edn. New York, NY: Springer Science and Business Media Google Scholar
Lancashire, PD, Bleiholder, H, Boom, TVD, Langelüddeke, P, Stauss, R, Weber, E, Witzenberger, A (1991) A uniform decimal code for growth stages of crops and weeds. Ann Appl Biol 119:561–601 Google Scholar
Lemerle, D, Cousens, RD, Gill, GS, Peltzer, SJ, Moerkerk, M, Murphy, CE, Collins, D, Cullis, BR (2004) Reliability of higher seeding rates of wheat for increased competitiveness with weeds in low rainfall environments. J Agr Sci 142:395–409 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemerle, D, Luckett, DJ, Koetz, EA, Potter, T, Wu, H (2016) Seeding rate and cultivar effects on canola (Brassica napus) cometition with volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum). Crop Pasture Sci 67:857–863 Google Scholar
Mitich, LW (1996) Flixweed (Descurainia sophia). Weed Technol 10:974–977 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohler, C (2007) Enhancing the competitive ability of crops. Pages 269–321 in Liebman M ed. Ecological Management of Agricultural Weeds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press Google Scholar
O’Donovan, JT (1994) Canola (Brassica rapa) plant density influences tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) interference, biomass, and seed yield. Weed Sci 42:385–389 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, DT (1979) The effects of shading on the growth and photosynthetic capacity of itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltata). Weed Sci 27:549–553 Google Scholar
Qin, Z, Mao, DJ, Quan, GM, Zhang, JE, Xie, JF, Ditommaso, A (2012) Physiological and morphological responses of invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) to different irradiances. Botany 90:1284–1294 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
R Core Team (2016) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. http://www.R-project.org/. Accessed April 4, 2016Google Scholar
Regnier, EE, Harrison, SK (1993) Compensatory responses of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) to partial shading. Weed Sci 41:541–547 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ren, L, Xu, L, Liu, F, Chen, KR, Sun, CC, Li, J, Fang, XP (2016) Host range of Plasmodiophora brassicae on cruciferous crops and weeds in china. Plant Dis 100:933–939 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneider, CA, Rasband, WS, Eliceiri, KW (2012) NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nat Methods 9:671–675 Google Scholar
Stevens, OA (1957) Weights of seeds and numbers per plant. Weeds 5:46–55 Google Scholar
Stoller, EW, Myers, RA (1989) Response of soybeans (Glycine max) and four broadleaf weeds to reduced irradiance. Weed Sci 37:570–574 Google Scholar
Taylor, AJ, Smith, CJ (1992) Effect of sowing date and seeding rate on yield and yield components of irrigated canola (Brassica napus) grown on a red-brown earth in south-eastern Australia. Aust J Agric Res 43:1629–1641 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tharp, BE, Kells, JJ (2001) Effect of glufosinate-resistant corn (Zea mays) population and row spacing on light interception, corn yield, and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) growth. Weed Technol 15:413–418 Google Scholar
Valladares, F, Niinemets, Ü (2008) Shade tolerance, a key plant feature of complex nature and consequences. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 39:237–257 Google Scholar
Williams, MM, Boydston, RA (2013) Crop seeding level: implications for weed management in sweet corn. Weed Sci 61:437–442 Google Scholar
Zar, JH (1999) Biostatistical Analysis. 4th edn. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice–Hall Google Scholar