Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T21:56:46.710Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evaluation of Chemical Termination Options for Cover Crops

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 January 2018

Matheus G. Palhano ,
Jason K. Norsworthy  and
Tom Barber
Matheus G. Palhano*
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Professor and Elms Farming Chair of Weed Science, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA;
Tom Barber
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Matheus G. Palhano, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704. (E-mail: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Cover crop acreage has substantially increased over the last few years due to the intent of growers to capitalize on federal conservation payments and incorporate sustainable practices into agricultural systems. Despite all the known benefits, widespread adoption of cover crops still remains limited due to potential cost and management requirements. Cover crop termination is crucial, because a poorly controlled cover crop can become a weed and lessen the yield potential of the current cash crop. A field study was conducted in fall 2015 and 2016 at the Arkansas Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Fayetteville to evaluate preplant herbicide options for terminating cover crops. Glyphosate-containing treatments controlled 97% to 100% of cereal rye and wheat, but glyphosate alone controlled less than 57% of legume cover crops. The most effective way to control hairy vetch, Austrian winterpea, and crimson clover with glyphosate resulted from mixtures of glyphosate with glufosinate, 2,4-D, and dicamba. Higher rates of auxin herbicides improved control in these mixtures. Glufosinate alone or in mixture controlled legume cover crops 81% or more. Paraquat plus metribuzin was effective in terminating both cereal and legume cover crops, with control of cereal cover crops ranging from 87% to 97% and control of legumes ranging from 90% to 96%. None of these herbicides or mixtures adequately controlled rapeseed.

Keywords

Lawrence E. Steckel, University of Tennessee2,4-DdicambaglufosinateglyphosatemetribuzinparaquatAustrian winterpea, Lathryrus hirsutus Lcereal rye, Secale cereale Lcrimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum Lhairy vetch, Vicia villosa Rothrapeseed, Brassica napus Lwheat, Triticum aestivum LCover cropsburndown herbicidestermination
Type
Weed Management-Techniques
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 32 , Issue 3 , June 2018 , pp. 227 - 235
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahmadi, MS, Haderlie, LC, Wicks, GA (1980) Effect of growth stage and water stress on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) control and on glyphosate absorption and translocation. Weed Sci 28:277–282 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashford, DL, Reeves, DW (2003) Use of a mechanical roller-crimper as an alternative kill method for cover crops. Am J Alternative Agric 1:37–45 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beckie, HJ, Séguin-Swartz, G, Nair, H, Warwick, SI, Johnson, E (2004) Multiple herbicide–resistant canola can be controlled by alternative herbicides. Weed Sci 52:152–157 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruce, JA, Kells, JJ (1990) Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) control in no-tillage soybeans (Glycine max) with preplant and preemergence herbicides. Weed Technol 1:642–647 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, A, ed (2008) Managing Cover Crops Profitably. 3rd edn. Beltsville, MD: Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education. Pp 51–57 Google Scholar
Clark, AJ, Decker, AM, Meisinger, JJ, McIntosh, MS (1997) Kill date of vetch, rye, and a vetch-rye mixture. I. Cover crop and corn nitrogen. Agron J 3:427–434 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornelius, CD, Bradley, KW (2017) Carryover of common corn and soybean herbicides to various cover crop species. Weed Technol 31:21–31 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Creamer, NG, Bennett, MA, Stinner, BR, Cardina, J, Regnier, EE (1996) Mechanisms of weed suppression in cover crop-based production systems. HortSci 3:410–413 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Creamer, NG, Dabney, SM (2002) Killing cover crops mechanically: review of recent literature and assessment of new research results. Am J Alternative Agric 1:32–40 Google Scholar
Culpepper, AS, Whitaker, JR, MacRae, AW, York, AC (2008) Distribution of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Georgia and North Carolina during 2005 and 2006. J Cotton Sci 12:306–310 Google Scholar
Dodge, AD, Harris, N (1970) The mode of action of paraquat and diquat. Biochem J 118:43–44 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eubank, TW, Nandula, VK, Poston, DH, Shaw, DR (2012) Multiple resistance of horseweed to glyphosate and paraquat and its control with paraquat and metribuzin combinations. Agronomy 2:358–370 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Everman, WJ, Mayhew, CR, Burton, JD, York, AC, Wilcut, JW (2009) Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of 14C-glufosinate in glufosinate-resistant corn, goosegrass (Eleusine indica), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia). Weed Sci 57:1–5 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foy, CL (1961) Absorption, distribution, and metabolism of 2, 2-dichloropropionic acid in relation to phytotoxicity. I. Penetration and translocation of Cl36-and C14-labeled dalapon. Plant Physiol 36:688–697 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartwig, NL, Ammon, HU (2002) Cover crops and living mulches. Weed Sci 50:688–699 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jha, P, Norsworthy, JK (2009) Soybean canopy and tillage effects on emergence of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) from a natural seed bank. Weed Sci 57:644–651 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kornecki, TS, Price, AJ, Raper, RL (2006) Performance of different roller designs in terminating rye cover crop and reducing vibration. Appl Eng Agric 5:633–641 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nascente, AS, Crusciol, CA, Cobucci, T, Velini, ED (2013) Cover crop termination timing on rice crop production in a no-till system. Crop Sci 6:2659–2669 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norsworthy, JK, Smith, KL, Griffith, G (2011) Evaluation of combinations of paraquat plus photosystem II-inhibiting herbicides for controlling failed stands of maize (Zea mays). Crop Prot 30:307–310 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Price, AJ, Arriaga, FJ, Raper, RL, Balkcom, KS, Kornecki, TS, Reeves, DW (2009) Comparison of mechanical and chemical winter cereal cover crop termination systems and cotton yield in conservation agriculture. J Cotton Sci 13:238–245 Google Scholar
Price, AJ, Balkcom, KS, Culpepper, SA, Kelton, JA, Nichols, RL, Schomberg, H (2011) Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth: a threat to conservation tillage. J Soil Water Conserv 4:265–275 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putnam, AR, Ries, SK (1967) The synergistic action of herbicide combinations containing paraquat on Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. Weed Res 7:191–199 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reddy, KN (2001) Effects of cereal and legume cover crop residues on weeds, yield, and net return in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol 4:660–668 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riar, DS, Norsworthy, JK, Griffith, GM (2011) Herbicide programs for enhanced glyphosate-resistant and glufosinate-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Technol 25:526–534 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salas, RA, Burgos, NR, Tranel, PJ, Singh, S, Glasgow, L, Scott, RC, Nichols, RL (2016) Resistance to PPO‐inhibiting herbicide in Palmer amaranth from Arkansas. Pest Manag Sci 72:864–869 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[SARE] Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (2015) Cover Crop Survey Analysis. http://www.sare.org/Learning-Center/From-the-Field/North-Central-SARE-From-the-Field/2015-Cover-Crop-Survey-Analysis. Accessed: August 4, 2016Google Scholar
Singh, S, Singh, M (2004) Effect of growth stage on trifloxysulfuron and glyphosate efficacy in twelve weed species of citrus groves. Weed Technol 18:1031–1036 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teasdale, JR (1996) Contribution of cover crops to weed management in sustainable agricultural systems. J Prod Agric 4:475–479 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitaker, JR, York, AC, Jordan, DL, Culpepper, AS (2011) Weed management with glyphosate-and glufosinate-based systems in PHY 485 WRF cotton. Weed Technol 2:183–191 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, RH, Worsham, AD (1990) Control of legume cover crops in no-till corn (Zea mays) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Technol 4:57–62 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, DC, inventor; Union Oil Company of California, original assignee (1994) Systemic herbicides and methods of use. US patent 5,288,692 Google Scholar