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Evaluation of Bioherbicidal Control of Tropical Signalgrass, Crabgrass, Smutgrass, and Torpedograss

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Yasser M. Shabana ,
Carol M. Stiles ,
R. Charudattan  and
Ayman H. Abou Tabl
Yasser M. Shabana*
Affiliation:
Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
Carol M. Stiles
Affiliation:
Georgia Military College, Valdosta, GA 31605
R. Charudattan
Affiliation:
Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
Ayman H. Abou Tabl
Affiliation:
Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Tropical signalgrass (TSG) causes serious problems for sod production and turf maintenance in Florida. Other grasses such as large crabgrass (CG), smutgrass (SG), thin paspalum (TP), and torpedograss (TG) can be problematic as well. Several emulsion formulations composed of mycelium or mycelium-free culture filtrate (or both) of the fungal pathogen Drechslera gigantea (DG) and Sunspray 6E oil were tested with or without ammonium sulfate or pelargonic acid (n-nonanoic acid; a natural product registered as a biorational herbicide) in greenhouse and field trials. A 30% Sunspray 6E oil formulation containing DG mycelium (10 g), DG culture filtrate (70 ml), and 4.5 g of ammonium sulfate caused 88 to 100% injury on TSG, CG, SG, and TG in greenhouse trials. The injury resulted from disease as well as phytotoxicity of the culture filtrate, oil, and ammonium sulfate. An emulsion formulation composed of 30% Sunspray 6E oil and 70% DG culture filtrate amended with 2% (v/v) pelargonic acid killed SG 2 wk after application. DG formulations containing ammonium sulfate or pelargonic acid produced lower levels of injury when treated grasses were exposed to a 24-h dew period compared with those treated and not exposed to dew. Formulations containing DG mycelium, DG culture filtrate, and ammonium sulfate or pelargonic acid are effective and promising for control of weedy grasses. Further evaluations of these formulations under field conditions are justified.

La tolerancia de los zacates Cynodon dactylon L. ‘Tifsport’ y de ‘tifdworf’, Zoysia japonica L. ‘Meyer’, y Paspalum virginatum Swartz ‘Salam’ a los herbicidas oxadiazon (2240 g/ha) o quinclorac (840 hg/ha) aplicados 1 semana antes del espigamiento (WBS), en el espigamiento (AS), 2 semanas después del espigamiento (2 WAS) y 4 semanas después del espigamiento (4 WAS) fueron investigados en el campo. El control de malezas fue también evaluado. Para ambos herbicidas solamente el tiempo de aplicación AS dañó el césped en más del 22%, mientras que el daño para otros períodos de aplicación fue de un 9 a un 19%, 5 semanas después de la siembra. Cuando se evaluó el daño en el césped 8 semanas después de la siembra, siguiendo el tiempo de aplicación (AS), éste permaneció en un 19% mientras que el daño pare cualquier otro intervalo de aplicación fue del 8% o menos. Los períodos de aplicación: 8 WAS y 1 WBS, AS, 2 WAS y 4 WAS alcanzaron 89, 79, 94 y 99% de cobertura respectivamente, cuando se promediaron con todas las otras especies de zacates, cultivares y herbicidas. Para las 13 WAS, todas las especies de cultivares alcanzaron al menos 90% de cobertura en la parcela. Las aplicaciones anteriores al espigamiento de oxadiazan proporcionaron de un 98 a un 100% en el control de la Eleusine indica L. y del Oldenlandia corymbosa L. La aplicación de quinclorac al momento de la siembra proporcionó más del 70% de control de estas malezas. Los resultados indican que oxadiazon y quinclorac aplicados al momento de la siembra causan daños inaceptables en el césped. Si el Eleusine indica L. y el Oldenlandia corymbosa L. son problemáticos, el oxadiazon es una opción factible para el control de estas malezas pero no así el quinclorac.

Keywords

Ammonium sulfatenonanoic acid (pelargonic acid)large crabgrassDigitaria sanguinalis (L.) ScopsmutgrassSporobolus indicus (L.) R. Brthin paspalumPaspalum setaceum MichxtorpedograssPanicum repens L.tropical signalgrassUrochloa subquadripara (Trin.) R. D. WebsterDrechslera gigantea (Heald & Wolf) ItoBiological controlbiorational herbicidegrass weedsplant pathogensDrechslera giganteaammonium sulfatepelargonic acidturfsod
Type
Weed Management—Techniques
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 24 , Issue 2 , June 2010 , pp. 165 - 172
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address: Professor and Assistant Professor, Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura, Egypt.

References

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