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Effects of Preemergence Herbicides on Bell Pepper, Crop Injury, and Weed Management in Irrigated Chilean Fields

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Rodrigo Figueroa ,
Fernanda Pacheco ,
Connie Echaiz ,
Gabriela Cordovez  and
Nathalie Kuhn
Rodrigo Figueroa*
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, College of Agronomy and Forestry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
Fernanda Pacheco
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, College of Agronomy and Forestry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
Connie Echaiz
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, College of Agronomy and Forestry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
Gabriela Cordovez
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, College of Agronomy and Forestry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
Nathalie Kuhn
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, College of Agronomy and Forestry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Bell pepper is an economically important vegetable crop that is often impaired by weeds. Management of weeds in bell pepper is required to minimize yield loss because this crop does not tolerate weed competition. Several herbicides have been reported as selective for bell pepper, but research supporting their use for weed control in this crop is limited. Several herbicides were screened in a greenhouse to assess effects on plant biomass, and eight were selected that appeared to be safe for bell pepper. These herbicides, in addition to oxadiargyl, were then evaluated at two different Chilean locations, using different application timings. We measured the effects on plant injury, fruit yield, and the need for additional hand weeding on transplanted bell peppers. The herbicides clomazone, napropamide, pendimethalin, and S-metolachlor caused minimal foliar chlorosis and necrosis but did not affect fruit yield at either location. Pretransplant-incorporated application (PTI) caused no effect on fruit yield from the herbicides evaluated, whereas applications 2 wk (POST2) and 8 wk (POST8) after transplanting reduced fruit yield significantly. For weed management, the best combination was PTI + POST2 + POST8, which reduced the hand-weeding time by 30% compared to the control, at both locations. Based on our results, clomazone, pendimethalin, and S-metolachlor were the most effective treatments applied after transplanting, whereas all herbicides tested were selective for bell pepper when applied and incorporated before transplanting. Results presented here provide new insight into herbicides that can be used to manage weeds in bell pepper and shows that timing of herbicide application is critical to prevent injury to this crop.

El pimiento es un cultivo hortícola económicamente importante que es frecuentemente afectado por las malezas. El manejo de malezas en pimiento es necesario para minimizar las pérdidas de rendimiento porque este cultivo no tolera la competencia de las malezas. Varios herbicidas han sido reportados como selectivos para el pimiento, pero la investigación apoyando su uso para el control de malezas en este cultivo es limitada. Varios herbicidas fueron evaluados en un invernadero para determinar los efectos en la biomasa de la planta, y de estos se seleccionaron ocho herbicidas que parecían ser seguros en el pimiento. Estos herbicidas, además de oxadiargyl, fueron evaluados en dos localidades diferentes de Chile, usando diferentes momentos de aplicación. Nosotros medimos los efectos en el daño a la planta, el rendimiento de fruto, y la necesidad de desmalezado manual adicional en pimiento trasplantado. Los herbicidas clomazone, napropamide, pendimethalin, y S-metolachlor causaron clorosis y necrosis foliar mínimas, pero no afectaron el rendimiento de fruto en ninguna de las localidades. La aplicación incorporada pre-trasplante (PTI) no causó ningún efecto en el rendimiento de fruto producto de los herbicidas evaluados, mientras que aplicaciones 2 semanas (POST2) y 8 semanas (POST8) después del trasplante redujeron el rendimiento de fruto significativamente. Para el manejo de malezas, la mejor combinación fue PTI + POST2 + POST8, la cual redujo el tiempo de deshierba manual en 30% al compararse con el testigo, en ambas localidades. Con base en nuestros resultados, clomazone, pendimethalin, y S-metolachlor fueron los tratamientos aplicados después del trasplante más efectivos, mientras todos los herbicidas evaluados fueron selectivos al pimiento cuando fueron aplicados e incorporados antes del trasplante. Los resultados presentados aquí brindan nueva información acerca de los herbicidas que pueden ser usados para manejar malezas en la producción de pimiento y muestran que el momento de aplicación de herbicidas es crítico para prevenir el daño a este cultivo.

Keywords

Alachlorbentazonclomazonefomesafenhalosulfuron-methylnapropamideoxadiazonoxyfluorfenpendimethalinS-metolachlorbell pepper, Capsicum annuum L.Herbicide selectivitypepper managementweed control
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , June 2016 , pp. 587 - 594
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Steve Fennimore, University of California, Davis.

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