Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T05:39:53.577Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Effects of Depth and Duration of Seed Burial on Viability, Dormancy, Germination, and Emergence of Ivyleaf Speedwell (Veronica hederifolia)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Husrev Mennan  and
Bernard H. Zandstra
Husrev Mennan
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Protection, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun-Turkey
Bernard H. Zandstra*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Protection, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun-Turkey
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of depth and duration of burial on seasonal germination, primary and secondary dormancy, viability, and seedling emergence of ivyleaf speedwell (Veronica hederifolia L.) seeds. The seeds were buried at 0, 5, 10, or 20 cm and retrieved from the field at monthly intervals. The exhumed seeds were germinated at 5 C. In the second experiment, seeds were stored in the laboratory after harvest and tested for germination at monthly intervals. In each experiment, nongerminated seeds were treated with triphenyltetrazolium chloride at monthly intervals to test their viability. The effects of stratification and burial depth on seedling emergence were observed for 1 yr. The seeds exhumed from the soil were dormant at the beginning of the experiment and exhibited dormancy/nondormancy/conditional dormancy cycling throughout the experiment. Depth of burial and time affected seed germination. Seeds retrieved from the soil surface germinated well initially, but germination decreased as depth of burial increased. In the dry storage experiment, seeds had a high level of primary dormancy, and viability decreased over time. Seedling emergence decreased when depth of burial increased. Seedlings emerged nonuniformly throughout the year and demonstrated typical winter annual characteristics.

Keywords

Veronica hederifoliaIvyleaf speedwell# VERHEPrimary/secondary dormancyweed managementwheatgermination ecologyTTC, triphenyltetrazolium chloride
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 20 , Issue 2 , June 2006 , pp. 438 - 444
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Andersson, L. and Milberg, P. 1998. Variation in seed dormancy among mother plants, populations and years of seed collection. Seed Sci. Res. 8:29–38.Google Scholar
Angonin, C., Caussanel, J. P., and Meynard, J. M. 1996. Competition between winter wheat and Veronica hederifolia influence of weed density and the amount and timing of nitrogen application. Weed Res. 36:175–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banovetz, S. J. and Scheiner, S. M. 1994. Secondary seed dormancy in Coreopsis lanceolata . Am. Midl. Nat. 131:75–83.Google Scholar
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1984. Effect of temperature during burial on dormant and non-dormant seeds of Lamium amplexicaule L. and ecological implications. Weed Res. 26:333–339.Google Scholar
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1985. The annual dormancy cycle in buried weed seeds: a continuum. Bioscience 25:492–498.Google Scholar
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1986. Temperature requirements for after-ripening in seeds of nine winter annuals. Weed Res. 26:375–380.Google Scholar
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1987. Temperature requirements for after-ripening in buried seeds of four summer annual weeds. Weed Res. 27:385–389.Google Scholar
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1995. Variation in the annual dormancy cycle in buried seeds of the weedy winter annual Viola arvensis . Weed Res. 35:353–362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, J. M., Baskin, C. C., and Van Auken, O. W. 1992. Germination response patterns to temperature during after ripening of achenes of four Texas winter annual Asteraceae. Can. J. Bot. 70:2354–2358.Google Scholar
Benvenuti, S. and Macchia, M. 1997. Light environment, phytochrome and germination of Datura stramonium L. seeds. Environ. Exp. Bot. 38:61–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benvenuti, S., Macchia, M., and Miele, S. 2001. Light, temperature and burial depth effects on Rumex obtusifolius seed germination and emergence. Weed Res. 41:177–186.Google Scholar
Bhowmik, P. C. 1997. Weed biology; importance to weed management. Weed Sci. 45:349–356.Google Scholar
Blackshaw, R. E. 1992. Soil temperature, soil moisture, and seed burial depth effects on redstem filaree (Erodium cicutarium) emergence. Weed Sci. 40:204–207.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D., Hartzler, R. G., and Forcella, F. 1997. Implications of weed seedbank dynamics to weed management. Weed Sci. 45:329–336.Google Scholar
Burnside, O. C., Wilson, R. G., Weisberg, S., and Hubbard, K. G. 1996. Seed longevity of 41 weed species buried 17 years in eastern and western Nebraska. Weed Sci. 44:74–86.Google Scholar
Chen, P. H. and Kuo, W. H. J. 1999. Seasonal changes in the germination of buried seeds of Monochoria vaginalis . Weed Res. 39:107–115.Google Scholar
Davis, P. H. 1978. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press 6:825.Google Scholar
Donald, W. W. 1993. Models and sampling for studying weed seed survival with wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) as a case study. Can. J. Plant Sci. 73:637–645.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eastin, E. F. 1983. Smallflower morningglory (Jacquemontia tamnifolia) germination as influenced by scarification, temperature, and seeding depth. Weed Sci. 31:727–730.Google Scholar
Egley, G. 1995. Seed Germination in Soil: Dormancy Cycles 20: Seed Development and Germination. New York: Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Grundy, A. C., Mead, A., and Burston, S. 2003. Modeling the emergence response of weed seeds to burial depth: interactions with seed density, weight and shape. J. Appl. Ecol. 40:757–770.Google Scholar
Guo-Shuiliang. 1998. Ecological characteristics of Veronica hederifolia in China. Yingyong-sheng tai-Xuebao 9(2):133–138.Google Scholar
Hilhorst, H. W. M. 1995. A critical update on seed dormancy, I. Seed Sci. Res. 5:61–73.Google Scholar
Honek, A., Martinkova, Z., and Jorosik, V. 1999. Annual cycles of germinability and differences between primary and secondary dormancy in buried seeds of Echinochloa crus-galli . Weed Res. 39:69–79.Google Scholar
Kannangara, H. W. and Field, R. J. 1985. Environmental and physiological factors affecting the fate of seeds of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) in arable land in New Zealand. Weed Res. 25:87–92.Google Scholar
Longchamps, J. P. and Gora, M. 1979. Influences of oxygen deficiencies on the germination of weed seeds. Oecol. Plant. 14:121–126.Google Scholar
Lutman, P. J. P., Cussans, G. W., Wright, K. J., Wilson, B. J., Wright, G. McN., and Lawson, H. M. 2002. The persistence of seeds of 16 weed species over six years in two arable fields. Weed Res. 42:231–241.Google Scholar
Mennan, H. 1998. Some biological traits and economic threshold of bifra (Bifora radians Bieb.) and cleavers (Galium aparine L.) in wheat fields of Samsun provice. Cokurova University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences. Plant Protection Department. PhD thesis. 137 p.Google Scholar
Mennan, H. 2003. The effects of depth and duration of burial on seasonal germination, dormancy and viability of Galium aparine and Bifora radians seeds. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 189:304–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mennan, H. and Uygur, F. N. 1994. Determination of weed species in wheat fields in Samsun province. Ondokuz Mayis University Journal of Agricultural Faculty 9/2:25–35.Google Scholar
Meyer, S. E., Kitchen, S. G., and Carlson, S. L. 1995. Seed germination timing patterns in intermountain Penestemon (Scrophulariaceae). Am. J. Bot. 82:377–389.Google Scholar
Navie, S. C., Panetta, F. D., Mcfadyen, R. E., and Adkins, S. W. 1998. Behavior of buried and surface sown seeds of Parthenium hysterophorus . Weed Res. 38:335–341.Google Scholar
Omami, E. N., Haigh, A. M., Medd, R. W., and Nicol, H. I. 1999. Changes in germinability, dormancy and viability of Amaranthus retroflexus as affected by depth and duration of burial. Weed Res. 39:345–354.Google Scholar
Roberts, H. A. and Feast, P. M. 1973. Emergence and longevity of seeds of annual weeds in cultivated and undisturbed soil. J. Appl. Ecol. 10:133–143.Google Scholar
Roberts, H. A. and Lockett, P. M. 1978. Seed dormancy and periodicity of seedling emergence in Veronica hederifolia L. Weed Res. 18:41–48.Google Scholar
Tastan, B. 1988. Biology and control methods of Bifora radians Bieb. in wheat fields of Central Anatolia. Ankara University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences. Plant Protection Department. PhD thesis. 138 p.Google Scholar