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Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Competition and Control in No-Till Spring Wheat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Michael H. Ostlie  and
Kirk A. Howatt
Michael H. Ostlie*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108
Kirk A. Howatt
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Downy brome is one of the leading plant pests in winter wheat and no-till spring wheat in many areas of the country. It has recently been studied in North Dakota where it is emerging as a serious crop competitor. Downy brome plants produced up to 60 tillers and more than 7,500 seeds when no control measures were used and densities were less than 2 plants m−2. Experiments focusing on herbicide-application timing identified differences in downy brome control and the grain yield of spring wheat. Regardless of fall or spring application timing, glyphosate applied PRE to wheat completely controlled downy brome in 2007. In 2008, control was not achieved with the earliest glyphosate-application timings because of late-emerging plants. When comparing fall and spring application timings of other herbicides, imazapic provided at least 79% control at each timing and location, resulting in the highest imazamox-resistant spring wheat yield. In general, herbicides performed better when applied in fall than they did when applied in spring. When herbicides were applied POST, imazamox provided the greatest downy brome control and usually caused the largest numerical reduction in downy brome biomass, seed, and stem number. If downy brome was left untreated, regression analysis predicted approximately 2,000 stems m−2 could result in total yield loss of spring wheat.

Bromus tectorum es una de las principales plagas vegetales en trigo de invierno y trigo de primavera bajo labranza cero en muchas áreas del país. Recientemente, se ha estado estudiando esta maleza en North Dakota donde se está convirtiendo en un serio competidor con el cultivo. Las plantas de B. tectorum produjeron hasta 60 hijuelos y más de 7,500 semillas cuando no se usaron medidas de control y las densidades fueron menores a 2 plantas m−2. Experimentos enfocándose en el momento de aplicación del herbicida identificaron diferencias en el control de B. tectorum y en el rendimiento del trigo de primavera Sin importar si la aplicación se hizo en el otoño o en la primavera, glyphosate aplicado PRE al trigo controló completamente B. tectorum en 2007. En 2008, no se alcanzó el control deseado con las aplicaciones más tempranas debido a una emergencia tardía de las malezas. Cuando se comparó las aplicaciones en el otoño y en la primavera de otros herbicidas, imazapic brindó al menos 79% de control en cada momento y localidad, resultando en el mayor rendimiento del trigo de primavera resistente a imazamox. En general, los herbicidas tuvieron un mejor rendimiento cuando fueron aplicados en el otoño que en la primavera. cuando los herbicidas fueron aplicados POST, imazamox brindó el mayor control de B. tectorum y usualmente causó la mayor reducción numérica en la biomasa, semilla y número de tallos de esta maleza. Si se hubiera dejado B. tectorum sin tratar, un análisis de regresión predijo que aproximadamente 2,000 tallos m−2 podrían resultar en una pérdida total del rendimiento del trigo de primavera.

Keywords

Glyphosateimazamoxdowny bromeBromus tectorum L.wheatTriticum aestivum L.Glyphosateimazamoxtime of applicationweed control
Type
Weed Management—Other Crops/Areas
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 27 , Issue 3 , September 2013 , pp. 502 - 508
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address: Assistant Professor, Carrington Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Carrington, ND 58421.

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