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Degradation of Acetanilide Herbicides in History and Nonhistory Soils from Eastern Virginia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Eleni Kotoula-Syka ,
Kriton K. Hatzios ,
Duane F. Berry  and
Henry P. Wilson
Eleni Kotoula-Syka
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0330
Kriton K. Hatzios
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0330
Duane F. Berry
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Environmental Soil Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0330
Henry P. Wilson
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0330
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Abstract

The degradation of 14C-labeled metolachlor, acetochlor, and pretilachlor in control and soils with 10-yr metolachlor- history or 3-yr butylate history was studied by monitoring the evolution of 14CO2 in soil biometer flasks. The degradation rate of 14C-phenyl-labeled metolachlor was similar in soils with 0- and 10-yr metolachlor history over 52 d. 14C was released from carbonyl-labeled metolachlor about 40% faster than from phenyl-labeled metolachlor in both soils. Soil sterilization by autoclaving reduced significantly the metolachlor degradation rate in both soils. Degradation of 14C-labeled EPTC in soils with 3-yr butylate history was much faster than in soils with no history. Soil sterilization reduced the EPTC degradation rate, confirming microbial degradation. The degradation rates of acetochlor, metolachlor, and pretilachlor were similar in soils with and without butylate history. Most of the 14C that remained in history and nonhistory soils was extractable with ethyl acetate or sodium hydroxide. Three major metabolites of metolachlor and EPTC were detected by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of extracts from both soils. In contrast to the situation with carbamothioate herbicides, soils exposed repeatedly to metolachlor or other acetanilides are not prone to become adapted to these herbicides. Soils with carbamothioate history did not exhibit any apparent cross-adaptation toward acetanilide herbicides.

Keywords

Acetochlor, 2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)acetamidebutylate, S-ethyl bis(2-methylpropyl)carbamothioateEPTC, S-ethyl dipropyl carbamothioatemetolachlor, 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamidepretilachlor, 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(2-propoxyethyl)acetamide.Butylatecarbamothioate herbicideschloroacetanilide herbicidesenhanced degradationEPTCTLC, thin-layer chromatography
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 11 , Issue 3 , September 1997 , pp. 403 - 409
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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