Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T21:59:23.104Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cover Crops for Herbicide Replacement in No-tillage Corn (Zea mays)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Joseph P. Yenish ,
A. Douglas Worsham  and
Alan C. York
Joseph P. Yenish
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop Sci., N.C. State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695
A. Douglas Worsham
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop Sci., N.C. State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695
Alan C. York
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop Sci., N.C. State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Weed control by rye, crimson clover, subterranean clover, and hairy vetch cover crops was evaluated in no-tillage corn during 1992 and 1993 at two North Carolina locations. Weed biomass reduction was similar with rye, crimson clover, and subterranean clover treatments, ranging between 19 and 95% less biomass than a conventional tillage treatment without cover. Weed biomass reduction using hairy vetch or no cover in a notillage system was similar averaging between 0 and 49%, but less than other covers approximately 45 and 90 d after planting. Weed biomass was eliminated or nearly eliminated in all cover systems with PRE plus POST herbicide treatments. Weed species present varied greatly between years and locations, but were predominantly common lambsquarters, smooth pigweed, redroot pigweed, and broadleaf signalgrass. Corn grain yield was greatest using PRE herbicides or PRE plus POST herbicides, averaging between 16 to 100% greater than the nontreated control across all cover treatments depending on the year and location.

Keywords

Broadleaf signalgrass, Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash. # BRAPPcommon lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. # CHEALredroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. # AMAREsmooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. # AMACHcorn, Zea mays L. ‘Dekalb 689’crimson clover, Trifolium incarnation L. ‘Dixie Reseeding’hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Rothrye, Secale cereale L. ‘Wren's Abruzzi’subterranean clover, Trifolium subterraneum L. ‘Mount Barker.’Allelopathyconservation tillage
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 10 , Issue 4 , December 1996 , pp. 815 - 821
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Barnes, J. P. and Putnam, A. R. 1986. Evidence for allelopathy by residues and aqueous extracts of rye (Secale cereale). Weed Sci. 34:384–390.Google Scholar
Barnes, J. P., Putnam, A. R., and Burke, A. 1986. Allelopathic activity of rye (Secale cereale). p. 271–286 in Putnam, A. R. and Tang, C. S., eds. The Science of Allelopathy. John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Doll, J. D. and Bauer, T. 1991. Rye: a double-barreled weed management tool. Proc. 1991 Wisc. Fertil. Ag-lime Pest Manage. Conf. 30:205–213.Google Scholar
Eadie, A. G., Swanton, C. J., Shaw, J. E., and Anderson, G. W. 1992. Integration of cereal cover crops in ridge-tillage corn (Zea mays) production. Weed Technol. 6:553–560.Google Scholar
Enache, A. J. and Ilnicki, R. D. 1990. Weed control by subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) used as a living mulch. Weed Technol. 4:534–538.Google Scholar
Gebhardt, M. R., Daniel, T. C., Schweitzer, E. E., and Allmaras, R. R. 1985. Conservation tillage. Science 230:512–515.Google Scholar
Hall, R. R., Swanton, C. J., and Anderson, G. W. 1992. The critical period of weed control in grain corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 40:441–447.Google Scholar
Hoffman, M. L., Regnier, E. E., and Cardina, J. 1993. Weed and corn (Zea mays) responses to a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) cover crop. Weed Technol. 7:594–599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, G. A., Defelice, M. S., and Helsel, Z. R. 1993. Cover crop management and weed control in corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol. 7:425–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehman, M. E. 1993. Effect of allelopathy on plant emergence and growth as modified by physical factors and root distribution. M.S. Thesis, N.C. State Univ. 96 p.Google Scholar
Liebl, R., Simmons, F. W., Wax, L. M., and Stoller, E. W. 1992. Effect of rye (Secale cereale) mulch on weed control and soil moisture in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 6:838–846.Google Scholar
Nagabhushana, G. G., Worsham, A. D., Yelverton, F. H., Wickliffe, W. B., and Lemons, R. W. 1995. Agronomic manipulation of rye cover for improved weed suppression in no-till crop production systems. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 48:168–169.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. 1993a. Interaction of light, soil moisture, and temperature with weed suppression by hairy vetch residue. Weed Sci. 41:46–51.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. 1993b. Reduced-herbicide weed management systems for no-tillage corn (Zea mays) in a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) cover crop. Weed Technol. 7:879–883.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R., Beste, C. E., and Potts, W. E. 1991. Response of weeds to tillage and cover crop residue. Weed Sci. 39:195–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. and Daughtry, C.S.T. 1993. Weed suppression by live and desiccated hairy vetch (Vicia villosa). Weed Sci. 41:207–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Worsham, A. D. 1989. Current and potential techniques using allelopathy as an aid in weed management. p. 275–291 in Chou, C. H. and Waller, G. R., eds. Phytochemical Ecology: Allelochemicals, Mycotoxins and Insect Pheromones. Inst. of Botany, Academia Sinica Monograph Ser. No. 9, Taipei, ROC.Google Scholar
Worsham, A. D. and Blum, U. 1992. Allelopathic cover crops to reduce herbicide inputs in cropping systems. Proc. First Int. Weed Contain. Congr. 2:577–579.Google Scholar
Worsham, A. D., Nagabhushana, G. G., and Yenish, J. P. 1995. The contribution of no-tillage crop production to sustainable agriculture. Proc. I(A) 15th Asian-Pac. Weed Sci. Soc. Conf. 15:104–111.Google Scholar