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Barriers Prevent Emergence of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) in Annual Plasticulture Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Oleg Daugovish*
Affiliation:
University of California Cooperative Extension, Ventura, CA 93003
Maren J. Mochizuki
Affiliation:
University of California Cooperative Extension, Ventura, CA 93003
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected].

Abstract

Yellow nutsedge is a problematic weed in plasticulture strawberry because herbicides and fumigants currently used in California provide little to no control and because nutsedge shoots easily penetrate standard low-density polyethylene (LDPE) mulch to rapidly establish and compete with the crop. Field studies were conducted at two California locations near Oxnard and Camarillo from 2007 to 2009 to evaluate yellow nutsedge control with physical barriers. Nutsedge germinated in both autumn and spring through LDPE mulch alone, but paper placed between two layers of standard 0.15-mm black LDPE mulch, weed barrier fabric commonly used in landscapes placed under LDPE mulch, and Tyvek Home Wrap placed under LDPE mulch suppressed nutsedge emergence. In 1 yr, the size of strawberry plants grown with weed barrier fabric was reduced 23% compared with the other treatments and the number of marketable fruit in the third month of harvest was reduced 20% compared with LDPE mulch alone, likely because inadequately cut planting holes in this barrier restricted plant growth. Estimated costs for barrier treatments ranged from $5,000 to $12,000 ha−1 compared with estimated hand-weeding costs of up to $24,000 ha−1. In 2007 to 2008 barrier treatments reduced the number of wind-dispersed weeds that commonly land and germinate in strawberry planting holes 67% compared with LDPE mulch alone. Removing the barriers at the end of the two seasons revealed that nutsedge plants sprouted but failed to grow and produce new tubers under the barriers. This observation suggests that nutsedge-impermeable barriers may aid in depletion of the soil tuber bank and therefore can be an effective tool in managing nutsedge for the length of the growing season.

La Cyperus esculentus L., es una maleza problemática en el cultivo con plástico de la fresa debido a que los herbicidas y fumigantes actualmente usados en California proporcionan poco o ningún control y que los brotes de la Cyperus esculentus L., fácilmente penetran la cubierta de polietileno (LDPE) de baja densidad para establecerse rápidamente y competir con el cultivo. Se llevaron al cabo estudios de campo en dos locaciones de California cerca de Oxnard y Camarillo de 2007 a 2009 para evaluar el control de Cyperus esculentus L, con barreras físicas. La Cyperus esculentus L germinó tanto en el otoño como en la primavera cuando se usó solamente la cubierta LDPE, pero se suprimió la emergencia de dicha maleza con el uso de papel colocado entre dos capas de cubierta de LDPE negro de 0.15 mms. de espesor con una tela usada comúnmente como barrera contra malezas en jardinería colocada debajo de la cubierta de LDPE y con el uso de Tyvek Home Wrap puesto debajo de la cubierta LDPE. En un año, el crecimiento de las plantas de fresa con la barrera biodegradable se redujo 23% comparado con otros tratamientos y la cantidad de fruta comerciable en el tercer mes de la cosecha disminuyó 20% comparada con el uso de la cubierta LDPE únicamente, probablemente porque los hoyos de la plantación en esta barrera fueron cortados inadecuadamente y esto restringió el crecimiento de la planta. Los costos estimados para los tratamientos con barreras variaron de $ 5,000 a $ 12,000 dólares por hectárea comparados a los costos estimados de deshierbe manual de hasta $ 24,000 dólares por hectárea. En el período de 2007 a 2008, los tratamientos de barrera redujeron en un 67% el número de malezas dispersadas por el aire que comúnmente aterrizan y germinan en los huecos de siembra de la fresa comparados con el uso de solamente la cubierta de LDPE. La remoción de las barreras al final de dos temporadas reveló que las plantas de Cyperus esculentus L., germinaron pero no crecieron ni produjeron nuevos tubérculos debajo de las barreras. Esta observación sugiere que las barreras impermeables de la Cyperus esculentus L podrían ayudar en la reducción del banco de tubérculos en el suelo y por lo tanto puede ser una herramienta efectiva en su manejo a lo largo de la temporada de crecimiento del cultivo.

Type
Weed Management—Other Crops/Areas
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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