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Weed species diversity in spring barley varies with crop rotation and tillage, but not with nutrient source

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

F. Craig Stevenson ,
Anne Légère ,
Régis R. Simard ,
Denis A. Angers ,
Denis Pageau  and
Jean Lafond
F. Craig Stevenson
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A8
Anne Légère*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2; on leave from the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada G1V 2J3
Régis R. Simard
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada G1V 2J3
Denis A. Angers
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada G1V 2J3
Denis Pageau
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Normandin, QC, Canada G8M 4K3
Jean Lafond
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Normandin, QC, Canada G8M 4K3
*
[email protected]
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Abstract

The development of sustainable farming systems depends on our ability to predict and manage the response of weed communities to changes in cropping practices. A study was established at Normandin, Québec, Canada, to investigate the influence of liquid dairy manure and mineral fertilizer, as well as chisel and moldboard plow tillage systems, in a spring barley monoculture and a 3-yr spring barley-forage rotation that included red clover and timothy. Weed species richness (Margalef's DMG), evenness (Shannon's E), and diversity (Shannon's H') were examined in these treatments from 1992 to 1995. Nutrient source had no effect on any of the three diversity indices. Evenness values were extremely low in all years, suggesting dominance of a few weed species in most treatments. Weed species richness and diversity generally were greater in the barley-forage rotation compared with the monoculture. Tillage effects on richness and diversity varied with crop rotation. Margalef's DMG and Shannon's H' were greater in 1993 and 1995, but they were lower in 1994 when chisel was compared with moldboard plowing in the monoculture. In 1994, chickweed density was about five times greater in the chisel-plowed monoculture compared with other treatment combinations of rotation and tillage. In 1995, only one species with a density of six plants m−2 occurred in the moldboard-plowed monoculture compared with three to six species and densities of 51 to 832 plants m−2 in the other rotation by tillage treatments. Climatic conditions and herbicide use patterns in the different crop rotation treatments may have contributed to the more dynamic nature of weed species diversity in the barley monoculture. Reduced frequency of tillage and herbicide application; management of the forage stands, especially with regard to their termination; and improved soil resource availability likely explained the increased but more stable diversity of the weed communities in the barley-forage rotation.

Keywords

Common chickweed, Stellaria media (L.) Vill.red clover, Trifolium pratense L. ‘Prosper’spring barley, Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Chapais’timothy, Phleum pratense L. ‘Champ.’Weed species diversitycrop management practicesspecies richnessspecies evennessShannon's H'Shannon's EMargalef's DMGSTEMETRFPRHORVXPHLPR
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 45 , Issue 6 , December 1997 , pp. 798 - 806
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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