Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T18:01:13.977Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Weed seed bank emergence across the Corn Belt

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Frank Forcella ,
Robert G. Wilson ,
Jack Dekker ,
Robert J. Kremer ,
John Cardina ,
Randy L. Anderson ,
David Alm ,
Karen A. Renner ,
R. Gordon Harvey  and
Sharon Clay
...Show all authors
Robert G. Wilson
Affiliation:
Panhandle Station, University of Nebraska, Scottsbluff, NE 69361
Jack Dekker
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
Robert J. Kremer
Affiliation:
Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
John Cardina
Affiliation:
OARDC, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
Randy L. Anderson
Affiliation:
Central Plains Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Akron, CO 80720
David Alm
Affiliation:
Agricultrural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
Karen A. Renner
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Soil Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
R. Gordon Harvey
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
Sharon Clay
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
Douglas D. Buhler
Affiliation:
National Soil Tilth Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50011
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Field experiments, conducted from 1991 to 1994, generated information on weed seedbank emergence for 22 site-years from Ohio to Colorado and Minnesota to Missouri. Early spring seedbank densities were estimated through direct extraction of viable seeds from soil cores. Emerged seedlings were recorded periodically, as were daily values for air and soil temperature, and precipitation. Percentages of weed seedbanks that emerged as seedlings were calculated from seedbank and seedling data for each species, and relationships between seedbank emergence and microclimatic variables were sought. Fifteen species were found in 3 or more site-years. Average emergence percentages (and coefficients of variation) of these species were as follows: giant foxtail, 31.2 (84%); velvetleaf, 28.2 (66); kochia, 25.7 (79); Pennsylvania smartweed, 25.1 (65); common purslane, 15.4 (135); common ragweed, 15.0 (110); green foxtail, 8.5 (72); wild proso millet, 6.6 (104); hairy nightshade, 5.2 (62); common sunflower, 5.0 (26); yellow foxtail, 3.4 (67); pigweed species, 3.3 (103); common lambsquarters, 2.7 (111); wild buckwheat, 2.5 (63), and prostrate knotweed, 0.6 (79). Variation among site-years, for some species, could be attributed to microclimate variables thought to induce secondary dormancy in spring. For example, total seasonal emergence percentage of giant foxtail was related positively to the 1st date at which average daily soil temperature at 5 to 10 cm soil depth reached 16 C. Thus, if soil warmed before mid April, secondary dormancy was induced and few seedlings emerged, whereas many seedlings emerged if soil remained cool until June.

Keywords

Common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. CHEALcommon purslane, Portulaca oleracea L. POROLcommon ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. AMBELcommon sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. HELANgiant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. SETFAgreen foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. SETVIhairy nightshade, Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner SOLSAkochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. KCHSCpigweed species, Amaranthus spp.Pennsylvania smartweed, Polygonum pensylvanicum L. POLPYwild-proso millet, Panicum miliaceum L. PANMIprostrate knotweed, Polygonum aviculare L. POLAVvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medik. ABUTHwild buckwheat, Polygonum convolvulus L. POLCOyellow foxtail, Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. SETLUEmergence predictionseed dormancyweed seedsweed seedlings
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 45 , Issue 1 , February 1997 , pp. 67 - 76
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Anonymous. 1994. TableCurve 2D for Windows Users Manual. San Rafael, CA: Jandel Scientific. 400 pp.Google Scholar
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1977a. Role of temperature in the germination ecology of three summer annual weeds. Oecologia 30: 377–382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1977b. The annual dormancy cycle in buried weed seeds: a continuum. BioScience 35: 492–498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boumeester, H. J. and Karssen, C. M. 1993. Seasonal periodicity in germination of seeds of Chenopodium album L. Ann. Bot. 72: 463–473.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D. 1995. Influence of tillage systems on weed population dynamics and management in corn and soybean in the central USA. Crop Sci. 35: 1247–1258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buhler, D. D. and Maxwell, B. D. 1993. Seed separation and enumeration from soil using K2CO3-centrifugation and image analysis. Weed Sci. 41: 298–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corbineau, F., Rudnicki, R. M., and Come, D. 1988. Induction of secondary dormancy in sunflower seeds by high temperature. Possible involvement of ethylene biosynthesis. Physiol. Plant. 73: 368–373.Google Scholar
Courtney, A. D. 1968. Seed dormancy and field emergence in Polygonum aviculare . J. Appl. Ecol. 5: 675–684.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cousens, R. and Mortimer, M. 1995. Dynamics of Weed Populations. New York: Cambridge University Press. 332 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dekker, J., Dekker, B., Hilhorst, H., and Karssen, C. 1996. Weedy adaptation in Setaria spp.: IV. Changes in the germinative capacity of S.faberi embryos with development from anthesis to after abscission. Amer. J. Bot. 83: 979–991.Google Scholar
Egley, G. H. 1995. Seed germination in soil: dormancy cycles. In Kigel, J. and Galili, G., eds. Seed Development and Germination. New York: Marcel Dekker, pp. 529–543.Google Scholar
Forcella, F. 1992. Prediction of weed seedling densities from buried seed reserves. Weed Res. 32: 29–38.Google Scholar
Forcella, F. 1993. Seedling emergence model for velvetleaf. Agron. J. 85: 929–933.Google Scholar
Forcella, F., Durgan, B. R., and Buhler, D. D. 1996. Management of weed seedbanks. in Kudsk, P., ed. Second International Weed Control Con gress. Copenhagen, June 25–28, pp. 21–26.Google Scholar
Forcella, F., Wilson, R. G., Renner, K. A., Dekker, J., Harvey, R. G., Aim, D. A., Buhler, D. D., and Cardina, J. 1992. Weed seedbanks of the U.S. Corn Belt: magnitude, variation, emergence, and application. Weed Sci. 40: 636–644.Google Scholar
Gonzalez-Andujar, J. L. and Perry, J. N. 1995. Models for the herbicidal control of the seedbank of Avena sterilis: the effects of spatial and temporal variability. J. Appl. Ecol. 32: 578–587.Google Scholar
Gross, K. L. and Renner, K. A. 1989. A new method for estimating seed numbers in the soil. Weed Sci. 37: 836–839.Google Scholar
Gupta, S. C., Larson, W. E., and Linden, D. R. 1983. Effect of tillage and surface residues on soil temperatures. I. Upper boundary temperature. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 47: 1212–1218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahn, A. A. and Karssen, C. M. 1980. Induction of secondary dormancy in Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. seeds by osmotic and high temperature treatments and its prevention by light and growth regulators. Plant Physiol. 66: 175–181.Google Scholar
Karssen, C. M. 1980/81. Patterns of change in dormancy during burial of seeds. Israel J. Bot. 29: 65–73.Google Scholar
Lybecker, D. W., Schweizer, E. E., and Westra, P. 1994. WEEDCAM Manual. Fort Collins, CO: Colorado Sate University. 49 p.Google Scholar
Malone, C. R. 1967. A rapid method for enumeration of viable seeds in soil. Weeds 15: 381–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melander, B. 1993. Population dynamics of Apera spica-venti as influenced by cultural practices. Brighton Crop Protection Conference–Weeds 1993: 107–112.Google Scholar
Metzger, J. D. 1991. The physiological basis of achene dormancy in Polygonum convolvulus (Polygonaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 79: 882–886.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mortimer, A. M., Sutton, J. J., and Gould, P. 1989. On robust weed population models. Weed Res. 29: 229–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, H. A. 1963. Studies on the weeds of vegetable crops III. Effect of different primary cultivations on the weed seeds in the soil. J. Ecol. 51: 83–95.Google Scholar
Roberts, H. A. and Boddrell, J. E. 1983. Field emergence and temperature requirements for germination in Solanum sarrachoides Sendt. Weed Res. 23: 247–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, H. A. and Ricketts, M. E. 1979. Quantitative relationships between the weed flora after cultivation and the seed population in the soil. Weed Res. 19: 269–275.Google Scholar
Rothrock, P. E., Squires, E. R., and Sheeply, S. 1993. Heterogeneity and size of a persistent seedbank of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Setaria faberi Herrm. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 120: 417–422.Google Scholar
Simpson, G. M. 1991. Seed Dormancy in Grasses. New York: Cambridge University Press. 297 p.Google Scholar
Stoller, E. W. and Wax, L. M. 1973. Periodicity of germination and emergence of some annual weeds. Weed Sci. 21: 574–580.Google Scholar
Swinton, S. M. and King, R. P. 1994. A bioeconomic model for weed management in corn and soybean. Agric. Syst. 44: 313–335.Google Scholar
Taylorson, R. B. 1982. Anesthetic effects on secondary dormancy and phytochrome responses in Setaria faberi seeds. Plant Physiol. 70: 882–886.Google Scholar
Taylorson, R. B. 1987. Environmental and chemical manipulation of weed seed dormancy. Reviews of Weed Sci. 3: 135–154.Google Scholar
Totterdell, S. and Roberts, E. H. 1979. Effects of low temperatures on the loss of innate dormancy and the development of induced dormancy in seeds of Rumex obtusifolius L. and Rumex crispus L. Plant Cell Environ. 2: 131–137.Google Scholar