Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T00:55:18.719Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Uptake of Atrazine by Hyphae of Glomus Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Root Systems of Corn (Zea mays L.)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Sherman D. Nelson  and
Shahamat U. Khan
Sherman D. Nelson
Affiliation:
Land Resource Res. Ctr., Res. Branch, Agric. Canada, Central Exp. Farm, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6. LRRC Contribution No. 91–03
Shahamat U. Khan
Affiliation:
Land Resource Res. Ctr., Res. Branch, Agric. Canada, Central Exp. Farm, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6. LRRC Contribution No. 91–03
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A system, including a specialized treatment vessel for pesticide uptake studies, was developed and experiments were carried out to determine the ability of Glomus intraradices (Schenck & Smith), G. vesiculiferium (Thaxter), and indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) fungi to influence 14C-atrazine uptake and transfer to corn. Uptake by root systems with and without VAM infection was compared to uptake by VAM hyphal systems by controlling access to 14C-atrazine-treated soil. Hyphal systems of Glomus species were able to remove 14C-residue from soil and transfer these to corn. Amount of 14C-residue transferred to corn through hyphal systems was highly correlated to the level of VAM root infection which varied among VAM species. In root systems, variations in 14C-residue uptake resulting from mycorrhization were largely explained in terms of the negative correlation between level of infection and root mass located in 14C-atrazine-treated soil. Allocation of 14C-residue to shoot tissues of corn was greater when 14C-residues were taken up through root systems rather than through hyphal systems. There were significant effects of VAM species on 14C-residue compartmentalization between methanol extractable and nonextractable portions of corn tissues. Data from these experiments in a confined soil system were related to VAM cost-benefit relationships and indicate a significant role for VAM in determining atrazine fate in agricultural systems.

Keywords

Atrazine, 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diaminecorn, Zea mays L. ‘CO255’VAM infectionherbicide allocationherbicide transportcarbon allocationherbicide uptakeGlomus intraradicesGlomus vesiculiferium
Type
Special Topics
Information
Weed Science , Volume 40 , Issue 1 , March 1992 , pp. 161 - 170
Copyright
Copyright © 1992 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Allen, M. F., Sexton, J. C., Moore, T. S., and Christensen, M. 1981. Influence of phosphate source on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae of Bouteloua gracilis . New Phytol. 87:687–694.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Allen, M. F. 1982. Influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on water movement through Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lage ex Steud. New Phytol. 91:191–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Bagyaraj, D. J. 1984. Biological interactions with VA mycorrhizal fungi. Pages 131–143 in Powell, C. L. and Bagyaraj, D. J., eds. VA Mycorrhiza. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
4. Balke, N. E. and Price, T. P. 1988. Relationship of lipophilicity to influx and efflux of triazine herbicides in oat roots. Pestic. Bhiochem. Physiol. 30:228–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Behki, R. M. and Khan, S. U. 1986. Degradation of atrazine by Pseudomonas: N-dealkylation and dehalogenation of atrazine and its metabolites. J. Agric. Food Chem. 34:746–749.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Berch, S. M. 1979. Endomycorrhizae of Southern Ontario Ferns. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.Google Scholar
7. Busse, M. E. and Ellis, J. R. 1987. VAM effect on atrazine uptake by soybeans. Page 242 in Sylvia, D. M., Hung, L. L., and Graham, J. H., eds. Mycorrhizae in the Next Decade: Practical Applications and Research Priorities. Proceedings of the 7th North American Conference on Mycorrhizae. Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL.Google Scholar
8. Clarke, C. and Mosse, B. 1981. Plant growth responses to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. XII. Field inoculation responses of barley at two soil P levels. New Phytol. 87:695–703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Cook, A. M. 1987. Biodegradation of s-triazine xenobiotics. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 46:93–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Dehne, H. W. 1982. Interactions between vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant pathogens. Phytopathology 72:1115–1119.Google Scholar
11. Dupont, S. 1989. Bound (non-extractable) residues of triazine herbicides in soybean and canola plants. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.Google Scholar
12. Erickson, L. E. and Lee, K. H. 1989. Degradation of atrazine and related s-triazines. Crit. Rev. Environ, Control 19:1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Esser, H. O., Dupuis, G., Ebert, E., Marco, G. J., and Vogel, C. 1975. S-triazines. Pages 129–208 in Kearney, P. C. and Kaufman, D. D., eds. Herbicides: Chemistry, Degradation, and Mode of Action. Vol. 1. 2nd ed. Marcel-Dekker, Inc., New York.Google Scholar
14. Fiscus, E. L. 1975. The interaction between osmotic and pressure-induced water flow in plant roots. Plant Physiol. 55:917–922.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15. Fiscus, E. L. and Markhardt, A. H. 1979. Relationships between soil system, water transport properties and plant size in Phaseolus . Plant Physiol. 64:770–773.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16. Furlan, V. and Fortin, J. A. 1973. Formation of endomycorrhizae by Endogone calaspora and Allium cepa under three temperature regimes. Naturalists Can. 100:467–477.Google Scholar
17. Glotfelty, D. E. and Schomburg, C. J. 1989. Volatilization of pesticides from soil. Pages 181–207 in Sawhney, B. L. and Brown, K., eds. Reactions and Movements of Organic Chemicals in Soils. SSSA Special Publication Number 22. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Inc., Madison, WI.Google Scholar
18. Hardie, K. and Leyton, L. 1981. The influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza on growth and water relations of red clover. I. In phosphate deficient soil. New Phytol. 89:599–608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Hayman, D. S. 1987. VA mycorrhizas in field crop systems. Pages 171–192 in Safir, G., ed. Ecophysiology of VA Mycorrhizal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
20. Hayman, D. S., Grace, C. A., Spokes, J. R., and O'Shea, J. 1982. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza: maize at Grassland Research Institute. Rothamsted Rep. 1981. 1:210.Google Scholar
21. Hewitt, E. J. 1966. Sand and Water Culture Used in me Study of Plant Nutrition. 2nd ed. Tech. Commun., Commonw. Bur. Soils 22.Google Scholar
22. Huber, R. and Otto, S. 1983. Bound pesticide residues in plants. Pages 355–362 in Miyamoto, J. and Kearney, P. C., eds. Pesticide Chemistry, Human Welfare and the Environment: Proceedings of the 5th International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry, Kyoto, Japan. 29 Aug.–4 Sept. 1982. Pergamon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
23. Koide, R. and Elliott, G. 1989. Cost, benefit and efficiency of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Funct. Ecol. 3:252–255.Google Scholar
24. Kruscheva, Y. P. 1971. Vliyanige simazina na razvitiye mikorizy kukuruzy. Khim. Sel'sk. Khoz. 9:52–53.Google Scholar
25. Menge, J. A. 1984. Inoculum production. Pages 188–204 in Powell, C. L. and Bagyaraj, D., eds. VAM corrhizae. CRCP.Google Scholar
26. Moody, K., Kust, C. A., and Buchholtz, K. P. 1970. Uptake of herbicides by soybean roots in culture solutions. Weed Sci. 18:642–647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27. Moorman, T. B. 1989. A review of pesticide effects on microorganisms and microbial processes related to soil fertility. J. Prod. Agric. 2:14–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28. Moose, B. 1973. Advances in the study of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 11:171–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29. Morandi, D. 1989. Effect of xenobiotics on endomycorrhizal infection and isoflavonoid accumulation in soybean roots. Plant Phys. Biochem. 27:697–701.Google Scholar
30. Mullet, J. E. and Arntzen, C. J. 1981. Identification of a 32 kilodalton polypeptide as a herbicide receptor protein in photosystem II. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 635:236–248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31. Nelson, C. E. 1987. The water relations of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal systems. Pages 71–92 in Safir, G., ed. Ecophysiology of VA Mycorrhizal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
32. Nelson, S. D. and Khan, S. U. 1989. Novel approach to the extraction of herbicides and their metabolites from plant tissues. J. Agric. Food Chem. 37:1302–1308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33. Nelson, S. D. and Khan, S. U. 1990. Effect of endomycorrhizae on the bioavailability of bound 14C residues to onion plants from organic soil treated with [14C] fonofos. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38:894–898.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34. Nemec, S. and Tucker, D. 1983. Effects of herbicides on endomycorrhizal fungi in Florida citrus (Citrus spp.) soils. Weed Sci. 31:427–431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35. Orwick, P. L., Schreiber, M. M., and Hodges, T. K. 1976. Absorption and efflux of chloro-s-triazines by Setaria roots. Weed Res. 16:139–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36. Plenchette, C., Furlan, V., and Fortin, J. A. 1982. Effects of different endomycorrhizal fungi on five host plants grown on calcined montmorillonite clay. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 107:535–538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37. Price, T. P. and Balke, N. E. 1982. Characterization of rapid atrazine absorption by excised velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) roots. Weed Sci. 30:633–639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38. Ross, G. J., Wang, C., and Hill, R. G. 1987. Mineralogical variability of the clay in a map delineation of Brandon soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 67:83–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39. Safir, G. R. and Nelson, C. E. 1981. Water and nutrient uptake by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal plants. Pages 25–31 in Myers, R. F., ed. Mycorrhizal Associations and Crop Production. Rutgers Univ. Press, New Brunswick, NJ.Google Scholar
40. Schwab, S. M., Johnson, E.L.V., and Menge, J. A. 1982. Influence of simazine on formation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in Chenopodium quinona Willd. Plant Soil 64:283–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41. Stribley, D. P. 1987. Mineral nutrition. Pages 59–70 in Safir, G., ed. Ecophysiology of VA Mycorrhizal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
42. Trappe, J. M. 1987. Phylogenetic and ecologic aspects of mycotrophy in the Angiosperms from an evolutionary standpoint. Pages 5–26 in Safir, G., ed. Ecophysiology of VA Mycorrhizal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
43. Trappe, J. M., Molina, R., and Castellano, M. 1984. Reactions of mycorrhizal fungi and mycorrhiza formation to pesticides. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 22:331–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44. Vostral, H. J., Buchholtz, K. P., and Kust, C. A. 1970. Effect of root temperature on absorption and translocation of atrazine in soybeans. Weed Sci. 18:115–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45. Walker, A. 1972. Availability of atrazine to plants in different soils. Pestic. Sci. 3:139–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
46. Wang, C. 1982. Variability of soil properties in relation to size of map unit delineation. Can. J. Soil. Sci. 62:657–662.CrossRefGoogle Scholar