Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T05:59:52.220Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Tridiphane as a Synergist for Herbicides in Corn (Zea mays) and Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Gail Ezra ,
Jack H. Dekker  and
Gerald R. Stephenson
Gail Ezra
Affiliation:
Dep. Environ. Biol., Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
Jack H. Dekker
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop Sci., Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada
Gerald R. Stephenson
Affiliation:
Dep. Environ. Biol., Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Tridiphane [2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)oxirane] is a potent synergist of atrazine for postemergence control of weeds such as giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm. ♯ SETFA) and large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. ♯ DIGSA]. We determined whether: a) tridiphane could syngergize the activity of other herbicides known to be detoxified via enzymatic conjugation to glutathione, and b) differential toxicities of the synergized herbicides could provide control of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L. ♯ PANMI) in corn (Zea mays L. “PAG SXIII”). Four herbicides were used in this study: EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate), atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], CDAA (N-N-diallyl-2-chloroacetamide), and alachlor [2-chloro-2’,6’-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide]. Herbicides and herbicide-synergist combinations were applied postemergence. In corn, tridiphane synergized the activity of EPTC at 2 and 4 kg ai/ha, causing 22 to 25% growth reduction. Atrazine was ineffective and CDAA only slightly effective in combination with tridiphane in causing growth reduction. However, alachlor was markedly synergized by tridiphane at both 2 and 4 kg ai/ha, resulting in 36 to 54% growth reduction compared with plants treated with herbicides alone. Proso millet followed a similar trend to corn: EPTC and alachlor were effectively synergized by tridiphane, while atrazine and CDAA were ineffective. Importantly, however, the rates of herbicide used for proso millet control were much lower than those used for corn. Our data suggest that tridiphane used in combination with EPTC or alachlor could provide improved control of proso millet in corn.

Keywords

GlutathioneGlutathione-S-transferaseatrazinealachlorCDAAEPTCSETFADIGSAPANMI
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 33 , Issue 3 , May 1985 , pp. 287 - 290
Copyright
Copyright © 1985 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Dekker, J. H. 1983. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. Res. Rep. 40:190.Google Scholar
2. Dekker, J. H. 1984. Enhancement of non-triazine herbicide efficacy with tridiphane on proso millet. Proc. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. (In press).Google Scholar
3. Ditmarsen, S. C., Sheppard, B. R., and Velovitch, J. J. 1983. Postemergence control of wild proso millet and wooly cupgrass with tridiphane in field corn. Proc. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. 38:120.Google Scholar
4. Ezra, G. and Gressel, J. 1982. Rapid effects of a thiocarbamate herbicide and its dichloroacetamide protectant on macromolecular syntheses and glutathione levels in maize cell cultures: Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 17:48–58.Google Scholar
5. Ezra, G., Rusness, D. G., Lamoureux, G. L., and Stephenson, G. R. 1985. The effect of CDAA (N,N-diallyl 2-chloroacetamide) pretreatments on subsequent CDAA injury to corn (Zea mays L.). Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 23:108–115.Google Scholar
6. Ezra, G. and Stephenson, G. R. 1985. Comparative metabolism of atrazine and EPTC in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and corn. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. (In press).Google Scholar
7. Jensen, V.I.N., Stephenson, G. R., and Hunt, L. A. 1977. Detoxification of atrazine in three gramineae subfamilies: Weed Sci. 25:212–220.Google Scholar
8. Lamoureux, G. L., Stafford, L. E., and Tanaka, F. S. 1971. Metabolism of 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide (Propachlor) in the leaves of corn, sorghum, sugarcane, and barley. J. Agric. Food Chem. 19:346–350.Google Scholar
9. Lamoureux, G. L. and Rusness, D. G. 1983. Glutathione-S-transferase inhibition as the basis of DOWCO 356 synergism of atrazine. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. of Pestic. Chem., Abstract No. 115, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
10. Shimabukuro, R. H., Lamoureux, G. L., and Frear, D. S. 1978. Glutathione conjugation: a mechanism for herbicide detoxification and selectivity in plants. Pages 133–149 in Pallos, F. M. and Casida, J. E., eds. “Chemistry and Action of Herbicide Antidotes”. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Zorner, P., Stafford, L., and McCall, P. 1983. Physiological interactions between tridiphane and atrazine in panicoid grasses. Proc. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. 38:109.Google Scholar
12. Zorner, P. 1983. The influence of preemergence triazine applications on foliar tridiphane treatments. Proc. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. 38:121.Google Scholar
13. Weseloh, J. W. 1983. The role of tridiphane as an overlay treatment following an application of a preemergence herbicide on corn. Proc. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. 38:120.Google Scholar