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Tillage and seed depth effects on velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) emergence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Theodore M. Webster ,
John Cardina  and
Heather M. Norquay
Theodore M. Webster*
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691
John Cardina
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691
Heather M. Norquay
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691
*
Corresponding author. [email protected]
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Abstract

Understanding patterns of weed seedling emergence within a growing season and over years is important to develop models to predict optimum timing of weed management practices. A study was conducted in a field with no previous velvetleaf infestations to describe emergence patterns following seed burial at three depths in two tillage systems. Freshly harvested velvetleaf seeds were planted 0, 2, and 6 cm deep in moldboard plowed (MP) and no-tillage (NT) corn stubble in October 1990. Velvetleaf seedling emergence was monitored over the following 4 yr in continuous corn. Emergence was higher in NT than in MP plots throughout 4 yr of observation. The first growing season following seeding, emerged seedlings represented 9.3 to 15.8% of the seeds sown in NT, compared with 0.1 to 0.8% of seeds sown in MP. After four growing seasons, emerged seedlings were 12.5 to 25% of seeds sown in NT but only 6 to 7.4 % of seeds sown in MP. Emergence was consistently higher from the 0-cm depth than from the 6-cm depth in NT, but seeding depth did not influence emergence in MP due to mixing of the soil during tillage. Velvetleaf emergence was related to growing degree days (base 7.5 C), with greater consistency in NT than in MP. Averaged over years and planting depths, 50% velvetleaf emergence occurred within 8 and 13 d of the predicted date in NT and MP systems, respectively.

Keywords

Velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medik. ABUTHcorn, Zea mays L. ‘Dekalb 524.’Growing degree daysseedbankseedling emergenceABUTH
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 46 , Issue 1 , February 1998 , pp. 76 - 82
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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