Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T11:28:06.558Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Temperature effects on germination and growth of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), Palmer amaranth (A. palmeri), and common waterhemp (A. rudis)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Peiguo Guo  and
Kassim Al-Khatib
Peiguo Guo
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of temperature on seed germination and growth of redroot pigweed, Palmer amaranth, and common waterhemp. At 15/10 C day and night temperature, respectively, no seed germination was observed in any species. Seed germination increased gradually as temperature increased. Germination peaked at 25/20 C in common waterhemp and at 35/30 C in redroot pigweed and Palmer amaranth. Seed germination of all three species declined when temperatures increased above 35/30 C. All three species produced less biomass at 15/10 C than at 25/20 C and 35/25 C. Redroot pigweed and common waterhemp biomass were similar at 15/10 C and higher than that of Palmer amaranth. However, Palmer amaranth produced more biomass than redroot pigweed and common waterhemp at 25/20 and 35/30 C. At 45/40 C, redroot pigweed, common waterhemp, and Palmer amaranth plants died 8, 9, and 25 d after initiation of heat treatment, respectively. The largest root volume among the three species was in Palmer amaranth grown at 35/30 C, whereas the smallest root volume was produced by Palmer amaranth grown at 15/10 C. Potential quantum efficiency (F v/F max) of Palmer amaranth was higher than that of redroot pigweed and common waterhemp at higher temperature. The greater growth of Palmer amaranth at higher temperatures may be attributed in part to its extensive root growth and greater thermostability of its photosynthetic apparatus.

Keywords

Common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer AMATAPalmer amaranth, A. palmeri S. Wats. AMAPAredroot pigweed, A. retroflexus L. AMARETemperaturechlorophyll contentchlorophyll fluorescencegerminationheat resistanceroot activityRubisco
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 51 , Issue 6 , December 2003 , pp. 869 - 875
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Al-Khatib, K. and Paulsen, G. M. 1999. High-temperature effects on photosynthesis processes in temperate and tropical cereals. Crop Sci 39:119–125.Google Scholar
Arnon, D. I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris . Plant Physiol 24:1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barkley, T. M. ed. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence, KS: Great Plains Flora Association, University of Kansas. Pp. 179–184.Google Scholar
Bradford, M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem 72:248–254.Google Scholar
Bridges, D. C. 1992. Crop Losses Due to Weeds in Canada and United States. Champaign, IL: Weed Science Society of America Weed Loss Committee. 403 p.Google Scholar
Coetzer, E., Al-Khatib, K., and Peterson, D. E. 2002. Glufosinate efficacy on Amaranthus species in glufosinate-resistant soybeans. Weed Technol 16:326–331.Google Scholar
Forcella, F., Wilson, R. G., and Dekker, J. 1997. Weed seedbank emergence across the corn belt. Weed Sci 56:67–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frost, R. A. and Cavers, P. B. 1974. The ecology of pigweeds (Amaranthus) in Ontario. I. Interspecific and intraspecific variation in seed germination among local collection of A. powellii and A. retroflexus . Can. J. Bot 53:1276–1284.Google Scholar
Gallagher, R. S. and Cardina, J. 1998. Phytochrome-mediated Amaranthus germination I: effect of seed burial and germination temperature. Weed Sci 46:48–52.Google Scholar
Ghorbani, R., Seel, W., and Leifert, C. 1999. Effects of environmental factors on germination and emergence of Amaranthus retroflexus . Weed Sci 47:505–510.Google Scholar
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. New York: Wiley-Interscience. Pp. 407–409.Google Scholar
Guedira, M. and Paulsen, G. M. 2002. Accumulation of starch in wheat grain under different shoot/root temperatures during maturation. Funct. Plant Biol 29:495–503.Google Scholar
Harding, S. A., Guikema, J. A., and Paulsen, G. M. 1990. Photosynthetic decline from high temperature stress during maturation of wheat: I. Interaction with senescence processes. Plant Physiol 92:648–653.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hipkins, M. F. and Baker, N. R. 1987. Spectroscopy. Pages 51–102 in Hipkins, M. F. and Baker, N. R. eds. Photosynthesis Energy Transduction. Oxford, Great Britain: TRL.Google Scholar
Holm, L. G., Plunkett, D. L., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, J. P. 1977. The World's Worst Weeds—Distribution and Biology. Honolulu, HI: University Press of Hawaii. 606 p.Google Scholar
Keeley, P. E., Carter, C. H., and Thullen, R. J. 1987. Influence of planting date on growth of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri). Weed Sci 35:199–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kigel, J. 1994. Development and ecophysiology of amaranths. Pages 39–73 in Parede-Lopez, O. ed. Amaranth Biology, Chemistry, and Technology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC.Google Scholar
Klingaman, T. E. and Oliver, L. R. 1994. Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) interference in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci 42:523–527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knezevic, S. Z., Horak, M. J., and Vanderlip, R. L. 1997. Relative time of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) emergence is critical in pigweed-sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) competition. Weed Sci 45:502–508.Google Scholar
Krause, G. H. and Weis, E. 1984. Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool in plant physiology: II. Interpretation of fluorescence signals. Photosynth. Res 5:139–157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuroyanagi, T. and Paulsen, G. M. 1988. Mediation of high-temperature injury by roots and shoots during reproductive growth of wheat. Plant Cell Environ 11:517–523.Google Scholar
Lee, S. D. and Oliver, L. R. 1982. Efficacy of acifluorfen on broadleaf weeds. Time and method of application. Weed Sci 30:520–526.Google Scholar
Leegood, R. C. 2002. C4 photosynthesis: principles of CO2 concentration and prospects for its introduction into C3 plants. J. Exp. Bot 53:581–590.Google Scholar
Levitt, J. 1972. Responses of Plants to Environmental Stress. New York: Academic. Pp. 243–244.Google Scholar
Lilley, R. M. and Walker, D. A. 1974. An improved spectrophotometric assay for ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 358:226–229.Google Scholar
Mayo, C. M., Horak, M. J., Peterson, D. E., and Boyer, J. E. 1995. Differential control of four Amaranthus species by six postemergence herbicides in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol 9:141–147.Google Scholar
McLanchlan, S. M., Weise, S. F., Swanton, C. J., and Tollenaar, M. 1993. Effect of corn induced shading and temperature on rate of leaf appearance in redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L). Weed Sci 41:590–593.Google Scholar
Menges, R. M. 1987. Allelopathic effects of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and other plant residues in soil. Weed Sci 35:339–347.Google Scholar
Menges, R. M. 1988. Allelopathic effects of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) on seedling growth. Weed Sci 36:325–328.Google Scholar
Murphy, S. D., Yankuba, Y., Weise, S. F., and Stanton, C. J. 1996. Effect on planting patterns and inter-row cultivation on competition between corn (Zea mays) and late emerging weeds. Weed Sci 44:856–870.Google Scholar
Oryokot, J. O. E., Murphy, S. D., Thomas, A. G., and Swanton, C. J. 1997. Temperature- and moisture-dependent models of seed germination and shoot elongation in green and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus powellii, A. retroflexus). Weed Sci 45:488–496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Regehr, D. L., Peterson, D. E., Ohlenbusch, P. D., Fick, W. H., Stahlman, P. W., and Wolf, R. E. 2002. Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, Rangeland, and Noncropland. Manhattan, KS: Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Report of Progress 867, Kansas State University.Google Scholar
Rowland, M. W., Murray, D. S., and Verhalen, L. M. 1999. Full-season Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) interference with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci 47:305–309.Google Scholar
Schonbeck, M. W. and Egley, G. H. 1980. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retrofluexus) seed germination responses to after-ripening, temperature, ethylene, and some other environmental factors. Weed Sci 28:543–547.Google Scholar
Wax, L. M. 1995. Pigweeds of the Midwestern states—distribution, importance and management. Proc. Integr. Crop Manag 7:239–242.Google Scholar
Weaver, S. E. 1984. Differential growth and competitive ability of Amaranthus retroflexus, A. powellii and A. hybridus . Can. J. Plant Sci 64:715–724.Google Scholar
Weaver, S. E. and McWilliams, E. L. 1980. The biology of Canadian weeds. Amaranthus retroflexus L., A. powellii S. Wats. and A. hybridus L. Can. J. Plant Sci 60:1215–1234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, S. E., Tan, C. S., and Brain, P. 1987. Effect of temperature and soil moisture on time of emergence of tomato and four weed species. Can. Plant Sci 68:877–886.Google Scholar
Weaver, S. E. and Thomas, A. G. 1986. Germination responses to temperature and atrazine-resistant and susceptible biotypes of two pigweed (Amaranthus) species. Weed Sci 34:865–870.Google Scholar
Wetzel, D. K., Horak, M. J., and Skinner, D. Z. 1999. Use of PCR-based molecular markers to identify weedy Amaranthus species. Weed Sci 47:518–523.Google Scholar
Wright, S. R., Coble, H. D., Raper, C. D. Jr., and Rufty, T. W. Jr. 1999. Comparative responses of soybean (Glycine max), sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia), and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) to root zone and aerial temperatures. Weed Sci 47:167–174.Google Scholar
Zhang, Z., Shen, Z., Zhao, J., Wang, L., and Hu, T. 1980. The Measurement of Roots Activity—Method of Methyl Blue Absorption. Experimental Guide to Plant Physiology. Beijing: Renmin Education. Pp. 71–73.Google Scholar
Zhu, G. 1990. The Measurement of Rubisco Carboxylase Activity. Plant Physiological Experiment. Beijing: Beijing University Press. Pp. 73–76.Google Scholar