Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T20:02:18.506Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Temperature and Light Requirements for Germination and Emergence of Three Arable Papaveraceae Species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Joel Torra ,
Aritz Royo-Esnal  and
Jordi Recasens
Joel Torra*
Affiliation:
Weed Science and Plant Ecology Research Group, Department of Hortofructicultura, Botànica i Jardineria, Agrotecnio Center, ETSEA, Universitat de Lleida, Avda, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
Aritz Royo-Esnal
Affiliation:
Weed Science and Plant Ecology Research Group, Department of Hortofructicultura, Botànica i Jardineria, Agrotecnio Center, ETSEA, Universitat de Lleida, Avda, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
Jordi Recasens
Affiliation:
Weed Science and Plant Ecology Research Group, Department of Hortofructicultura, Botànica i Jardineria, Agrotecnio Center, ETSEA, Universitat de Lleida, Avda, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This research investigated the temperature and light requirements for seed germination and emergence patterns of pinnate poppy, violet horned-poppy, and nodding hypecoum, three annual Papaveraceae species found in arable lands in the Mediterranean region. Two experiments performed in growth chambers (1) analyzed light (complete darkness or 12 h light) and temperature (10/5, 15/5, and 20/10 C day/night temperatures) requirements for germination, and (2) determined base temperature (Tb) for germination. An outdoor pot trial was also set up to study emergence patterns. All species showed higher germination in complete darkness than they did with a light regime, irrespective of dormancy level, time of the year, and temperature regime under which germination was tested, illustrating better germination when seeds are buried. Tb ranged from −2.6 to 0 C, depending on the species, indicating low temperature requirements for germination. Given their higher germination in daily fluctuating, rather than constant temperatures, the three Papaveraceae species should have the capacity to form persistent seed banks. These species behaved as winter annuals (from November to February) in the pot experiment and had difficulties to emerge in spring. Given that they cannot avoid autumn–winter chemical treatments, this could partially explain their regression in arable fields. These results bring new information to develop management strategies for these Papaveraceae species in agroecosystems.

Keywords

Nodding hypecoum, Hypecoum pendulum L. HCYPEpinnate poppy, Papaver argemone L. PAPARviolet horned-poppy, Roemeria hybrida (L.) DC. ROEHYBase temperaturelight regimeseed dormancyseed emergencetemperature regime
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 64 , Issue 2 , June 2016 , pp. 248 - 260
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate editor for this paper: Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan, Texas A&M University.

References

Literature Cited

Baskin, CC, Baskin, JM (1998) Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. San Diego, CA Academic. 666 pGoogle Scholar
Batlla, D, Benech-Arnold, RL (2014) Weed seed germination and the light environment: implications for weed management. Weed Biol Manag 14:77–87 Google Scholar
Bell, DT, Rokish, DP, McChesney, CJ, Plummer, JA (1995) Effects of temperature, light and gibberellic acid on the germination of seeds of 43 species native to Western Australia. J Veg Sci 6:797–806 Google Scholar
Benvenuti, S (1995) Soil light penetration and dormancy of jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) seeds. Weed Sci 43:389–393 Google Scholar
Borza, JK, Westerman, PR, Liebman, M (2007) Comparing estimates of seed viability in three foxtail (Setaria) species using the imbibed seed crush test with and without additional tetrazolium testing. Weed Technol 21:518–522 Google Scholar
Bradford, KJ (2002) Applications of hydrothermal time to quantifying and modeling seed germination and dormancy. Weed Sci 50:248–260 Google Scholar
Dutoit, T, Gerbaud, E, Buisson, E, Roche, P (2003) Dynamics of a weed community in a cereal field created after ploughing a seminatural meadow: role of the permanent seed bank. Ecoscience 10:225–235 Google Scholar
Forcella, F, Benech-Arnold, RL, Sánchez, R, Ghersa, CM (2000) Modeling seedling emergence. Field Crops Res 67:123–139 Google Scholar
Fried, G, Petit, S, Dessaint, F, Reboud, X (2009) Arable weed decline in northern France: crop edges as refugia for weed conservation? Biol Conserv 142:238–243 Google Scholar
Gardarin, A, Dürr, C, Colbach, N (2011) Prediction of germination rates of weed species: relationships between germination speed parameters and species traits. Ecol Model 222:626–636 Google Scholar
Grundy, AC, Mead, A, Burston, S (2003) Modelling the emergence response of weed seeds to burial depth: interactions with seed density, weight and shape. J Applied Ecol 40:757–770 Google Scholar
Guillemin, JP, Gardarin, A, Granger, S, Reibel, C, Munier-Jolain, N, Colbach, N (2013) Assessing potential germination period of weeds with base temperatures and base water potentials. Weed Res 53:76–87 Google Scholar
Herranz, JM, Ferrandis, P, Martínez-Duro, E (2010) Seed germination ecology of the threatened endemic Iberian Delphinium fissum subsp. sordidum (Ranunculaceae). Plant Ecol 211:89–106 Google Scholar
Jurado, E, Flores, J (2005) Is seed dormancy under environmental control or bound to plant traits? J Veg Sci 16:559–564 Google Scholar
Karlsson, LM, Milberg, P (2007) A comparative study of germination ecology of four Papaver taxa. Ann Bot (Lond) 99:935–946 Google Scholar
Lavorel, S, Lepart, J, Debussche, M, Lebreton, JD, Beffy, JL (1994) Small scale disturbances and the maintenance of species diversity in Mediterranean old fields. Oikos 70:455–473 Google Scholar
Milberg, P, Andersson, L, Thompson, K (2000) Large-seeded species are less dependent on light for germination than small-seeded ones. Seed Sci Res 10:99–104 Google Scholar
Navarro, L, Guitian, J (2003) Seed germination and seedling survival of two threatened endemic species of the northwest Iberian peninsula. Biol Conserv 109:313–320 Google Scholar
Peters, K, Gerowitt, B (2014) Response of the two rare arable weed species Lithospermum arvense and Scandix pecten-veneris to climate change conditions. Plant Ecol 215:1013–1023 Google Scholar
Poschlod, P, Abedi, M, Bartelheimer, M, Drobnik, J, Rosbakh, S, Saatkamp, A (2014) Seed ecology and assembly rules in plant communities. Pages 164–202 in Van der Maarel, E, Franklin, J, eds. Vegetation Ecology. 2nd edn. Chichester, UK Wiley Google Scholar
Richner, N, Holderegger, R, Linder, HP, Walter, T (2015) Reviewing change in the arable flora of Europe: a meta-analysis. Weed Res 55:1–13 Google Scholar
Rotchés-Ribalta, R, Blanco-Moreno, JM, Armengot, L, Chamorro, L, Sans, FX (2015) Both farming practices and landscape characteristics determine the diversity of characteristic and rare arable weeds in organically managed fields. Appl Veg Sci 18:423–431 Google Scholar
Royo-Esnal, A, Nekajeva, E, Torra, J, Recasens, J, Gesch, RW (2015). Emergence of field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.): comparison of two accessions and modelling. Ind Crop Prods 66:161–169 Google Scholar
Saatkamp, A (2009) Population Dynamics and Functional Traits of Annual Plants—A Comparative Study on How Rare and Common Arable Weeds Persist in Agroecosystems. Ph.D dissertation.Regensburg, Germany Universität Regensburg. 220 pGoogle Scholar
Saatkamp, A, Affre, L, Dutoit, T, Poschlod, P (2009) The seed bank longevity index revisited: limited reliability evident from a burial experiment and database analyses. Ann Bot (Lond) 104:715–724 Google Scholar
Saatkamp, A, Affre, L, Dutoit, T, Poschlod, P (2011) Germination traits explain soil seed persistence across species: the case of Mediterranean annual plants in cereal fields. Ann Bot (Lond) 107:415–426 Google Scholar
Schemske, DW, Husband, BC, Ruckelshaus, MH, Goodwillie, C, Parker, IM, Bishop, JG (1994) Evaluating approaches to the conservation of rare and endangered plants. Ecology 75:584–606 Google Scholar
Schutte, BJ, Tomasek, BJ, Davis, AS, Andersson, L, Benoit, DL, Cirujeda, A, Dekker, J, Forcella, F, Gonzalez-Andujar, JL, Graziani, F, Murdoch, AJ, Neve, P, Rasmussen, IA, Sera, B, Salonen, J, Tei, F, Torresen, KS, Urbano, JM (2014) An investigation to enhance understanding of the stimulation of weed seedling emergence by soil disturbance. Weed Res 54:1–12 Google Scholar
Sole-Senan, XO, Juárez-Escario, A, Conesa, JA, Torra, J, Pedrol, J, Royo-Esnal, A, Recasens, J ( 2014) Plant diversity in Mediterranean cereal fields: unraveling the effect of landscape complexity on rare arable plants. Agric Ecosyst Environ 185:221–230 Google Scholar
Storkey, J, Meyer, S, Leuschner, C, Still, KS (2012) The impact of agricultural intensification and land use change on the European arable flora. Proc R Soc Biol Sci Ser B 279:1421–29Google Scholar
Thompson, K, Grime, JP (1983) A comparative study of germination responses to diurnally fluctuating temperatures. J Appl Ecol 20:141–156 Google Scholar
Torra, J, Royo-Esnal, A, Recasens, J (2015) Germination ecology of five arable Ranunculaceae plants. Weed Res. 55:503–513 Google Scholar
Trudgill, DL, Honek, A, Li, D, Van Straalen, NM (2005) Thermal time-concepts and utility. Ann Appl Biol 146:1–14 Google Scholar
Tscharntke, T, Klein, AM, Kruess, A, Steffan-Dewenter, I, Thies, C (2005) Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity—ecosystem service management. Ecol Lett 8:857–874 Google Scholar