Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T10:08:39.514Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Synergism between cover crop residue and herbicide activity on emergence and early growth of weeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

John R. Teasdale ,
Parthan Pillai  and
Ronald T. Collins
Parthan Pillai
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS Sustainable Agricultural Systems Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705
Ronald T. Collins
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Cover crop residues and other biologically based approaches often provide incomplete and inconsistent weed control. This research was conducted to evaluate interactions between hairy vetch residue on the surface of soil and the herbicide metolachlor. Herbicide was applied and incorporated with simulated rainfall before residue placement, residue was applied to the soil surface at precise rates, and potentially confounding variables such as nitrogen and soil moisture were controlled in a greenhouse experiment. Emphasis was placed on the use of suboptimal rates of both residue and metolachlor to explore the potential synergistic interactions between these factors. Deviation from a multiplicative model that included a quadratic response to hairy vetch residue and a log-logistic response to metolachlor was used to demonstrate the presence or absence of synergism. This model effectively showed that emergence of smooth pigweed, common lambsquarters, giant foxtail, and velvetleaf and early growth of smooth pigweed and common lambsquarters were reduced synergistically by the combination of hairy vetch residue and metolachlor. For example, smooth pigweed emergence was reduced 13% by 500 g m−2 of hairy vetch residue alone and was reduced 16% by 10 g ha−1 of metolachlor alone, but together, they reduced smooth pigweed emergence by 86%. This model could be used to determine synergistic interactions between any combination of a phytotoxin and a biologically based weed management approach that could be expressed in quantitative units.

Keywords

Metolachlorcommon lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. CHEALgiant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. SETFAsmooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. AMACHvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medic. ABUTHhairy vetch, Vicia villosa RothAllelopathybiologically based weed managementmultiplicative modelphytotoxinsustainable agriculture
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 53 , Issue 4 , August 2005 , pp. 521 - 527
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Anonymous. 2002. Metolachlor. Pages 299–300 in Vencill, W. K., ed. Herbicide Handbook, 8th ed. Lawrence, KS: Weed Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Böger, P., Matthes, B., and Schmalfu&szlig, J. 2000. Towards the primary target of chloroacetamides—new findings pave the way. Pest Manag. Sci 56:497–508.3.0.CO;2-W>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruce, S. E. 2003. Poor Growth of Canola in Retained Wheat Stubble— Causes, Consequences and Control. Ph.D. dissertation. Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia. 279 p.Google Scholar
Burgos, N. R. and Talbert, R. E. 1996. Weed control and sweet corn response in a no-till system with cover crops. Weed Sci 44:355–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crutchfield, D. A., Wicks, G. A., and Burnside, O. C. 1986. Effect of winter wheat straw mulch level on weed control. Weed Sci 34:110–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curran, W. S., Hoffman, L. D., and Werner, E. L. 1994. The influence of a hairy vetch cover crop on weed control and corn growth and yield. Weed Technol 8:777–784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fogelberg, F. 1999. Night-time soil cultivation and intra-row brush weeding for weed control in carrots. Biolog. Agric. Hortic 17:31–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallagher, R. S. and Cardina, J. 1998. Phytochrome-mediated Amaranthus germination II: development of very low fluence sensitivity. Weed Sci 46:53–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallagher, R. S., Cardina, J., and Loux, M. 2003. Integration of cover crops with postemergence herbicides in no-till corn and soybean. Weed Sci 51:995–1001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoeft, E. V., Jordan, N., Zhang, J., and Wyse, D. L. 2001. Integrated cultural and biological control of Canada thistle in conservation tillage soybean. Weed Sci 49:642–646.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liebman, M. and Gallandt, E. R. 1997. Many little hammers: ecological management of crop–weed interactions. Pages 291–343 in Jackson, L. E. ed. Ecology in Agriculture. San Diego: Academic.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morse, P. 1978. Some comments on the assessment of joint action in herbicide mixtures. Weed Sci 26:58–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ngouajio, M., McGiffen, M. E. Jr., and Hutchinson, C. M. 2003. Effect of cover crop and management system on weed populations in lettuce. Crop Prot 22:57–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prihar, S. S., Sandhu, K. S., and Khera, K. L. 1975. Maize and weed growth, as affected by levels of straw mulching with and without herbicide under conventional and minimum tillage. Indian J. Ecol 2:13–22.Google Scholar
Reddy, K. N. 2001. Effects of cereal and legume cover crop residues on weeds, yield, and net return in soybean. Weed Technol 15:660–668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seefeldt, S. S., Jensen, J. E., and Fuerst, E. P. 1995. Log-logistic analysis of herbicide dose–response relationships. Weed Technol 9:218–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. 1993. Reduced-herbicide weed management systems for no-tillage corn in a hairy vetch cover crop. Weed Technol 7:879–883.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. and Mohler, C. L. 2000. The quantitative relationship between weed emergence and the physical properties of mulches. Weed Sci 48:385–392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. and Pillai, P. 2005. Contribution of ammonium to stimulation of smooth pigweed germination by extracts of hairy vetch residue. Weed Biol. Manag 5:19–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teasdale, J. R., Shelton, D. R., Sadeghi, A. M., and Isensee, A. R. 2003. Influence of hairy vetch residue on atrazine and metolachlor soil solution concentration and weed emergence. Weed Sci 51:628–634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, M. M. II, Mortensen, D. A., and Doran, J. W. 1998. Assessment of weed and crop fitness in cover crop residues for integrated weed management. Weed Sci 46:595–603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar