Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T19:52:42.440Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence of Nalta Jute (Corchorus olitorius) and Redweed (Melochia concatenata): Important Broadleaf Weeds of the Tropics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Bhagirath S. Chauhan  and
David E. Johnson
Bhagirath S. Chauhan*
Affiliation:
Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
David E. Johnson
Affiliation:
Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Nalta jute and redweed are widespread and significant broadleaf weed species of the tropics. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of various environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of these species. Light was not required for germination in either species. Germination was stimulated by seed scarification, suggesting that inhibition of germination in these species is mainly due to the hard seed coat. Scarified seeds of both species germinated over a wide range of alternating temperatures (25/15, 30/20, and 35/25 C). Both species were moderately tolerant of salt and osmotic stress, but nalta jute tolerated more stresses than redweed. Seedling emergence of nalta jute and redweed was greater than 87 and 93%, respectively, at soil depths of 0 to 2 cm but decreased as depth increased, with no emergence at 8 cm. Seedling emergence of both species was reduced by the addition of rice straw, though a high amount (4 to 6 t ha−1) of straw was required to suppress emergence significantly. The information gained from this study could facilitate the development of effective weed control programs.

Keywords

Nalta jute, Corchorus olitorius L.redweed, Melochia concatenata L.rice, Oryza sativa L.Burial depthemergencegerminationscarification
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 56 , Issue 6 , December 2008 , pp. 814 - 819
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Baskin, C. C. and Baskin, J. M. 1998. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evaluation of Dormancy and Germination. San Diego, CA Academic. 666 p.Google Scholar
Baskin, C. C., Thompson, K., and Baskin, J. M. 2006. Mistakes in germination ecology and how to avoid them. Seed Sci. Res. 16:165–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benvenuti, S. and Macchia, M. 1995. Hypoxia effect on buried weed seed germination. Weed Res. 35:343–351.Google Scholar
Benvenuti, S., Macchia, M., and Miele, S. 2001. Quantitative analysis of emergence of seedlings from buried weed seeds with increasing soil depth. Weed Sci. 49:528–535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, N. S. and Van Acker, R. C. 2003. The effects of depth and fluctuating soil moisture on the emergence of eight annual and six perennial plant species. Weed Sci. 51:725–730.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D. and Hoffman, M. L. 1999. Andersen's Guide to Practical Methods of Propagating Weeds and Other Plants. 2nd ed. Lawrence, KS Allen Press, Inc. 248 p.Google Scholar
Chauhan, B. S., Gill, G., and Preston, C. 2006. Factors affecting seed germination of little mallow (Malva parviflora) in southern Australia. Weed Sci. 54:1045–1050.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, B. S. and Johnson, D. E. 2008a. Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of eclipta (Eclipta prostrata) in a tropical environment. Weed Sci. 56:383–388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, B. S. and Johnson, D. E. 2008b. Seed germination and seedling emergence of giant sensitiveplant (Mimosa invisa). Weed Sci. 56:244–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chavan, A. R. and Trivedi, P. N. 1962. Seed germination in some weeds. Indian For. 88:436–439.Google Scholar
Eastin, E. F. 1983. Redweed (Melochia corchorifolia) germination as influenced by scarification, temperature, and seeding depth. Weed Sci. 31:229–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galinato, M. I., Moody, K., and Piggin, C. M. 1999. Upland rice weeds of South and Southeast Asia. Makati City (Philippines) International Rice Research Institute. 156 p.Google Scholar
GenStat 8.0 2005. GenStat Release 8 Reference Manual. Oxford, UK VSN International. 343 p.Google Scholar
Gupta, R. K., Ladha, J. K., Singh, S., Singh, R., Jat, M. L., Saharawat, Y., Singh, V. P., Singh, S. S., Singh, G., Sah, G., Gathala, M., Sharma, R. K., Gill, M. S., Alam, M., Rehman, H. M. U., Singh, U. P., Mann, R. A., Pathak, H., Chauhan, B. S., Bhattacharya, P., and Malik, R. K. 2006. Production technology for direct seeded rice. Rice–Wheat Consortium Technical Bulletin 8. New Delhi Rice–Wheat Consortium for the Indo-Gangetic.Google Scholar
Holm, L., Doll, J., Holm, E., Pancho, J., and Herberger, J. 1997. World Weeds: Natural Histories and Distribution. New York J. Wiley and Sons, Inc. 1129 p.Google Scholar
Holm, L., Pancho, J. V., Herberger, J. P., and Plucknett, D. L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. New York J. Wiley and Sons. 391 p.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. E. and Kent, R. J. 2002. The impact of cropping on weed species composition in rice after fallow across a hydrological gradient in West Africa. Weed Res. 42:89–99.Google Scholar
Juliano, J. 1940. Viability of some Philippine weed seeds. Philippines Agric. 29:313–326.Google Scholar
Michel, B. E. 1983. Evaluation of the water potentials of solutions of polyethylene glycol 8000 both in the absence and presence of other solutes. Plant Physiol. 72:66–70.Google Scholar
Modiwala, Q. and Dubey, P. 1976. Dormancy, germination and seedling emergence in weeds of Kharif season. Geobios. 3:42–44.Google Scholar
Mohler, C. L. and Calloway, M. B. 1992. Effects of tillage and mulch on the emergence and survival of weeds in sweet corn. J. Appl. Ecol. 29:21–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moody, K. 1989. Weeds Reported in Rice in South and Southeast Asia. Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines International Rice Research Institute. 442 p.Google Scholar
O'Donovan, J. T., de St. Remy, E. A., O'Sullivan, P. A., Dew, D. A., and Sharma, A. K. 1985. Influence of the relative time of emergence of wild oat (Avena fatua) on yield loss of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Sci. 33:498–503.Google Scholar
Rao, A. N., Johnson, D. E., Sivaprasad, B., Ladha, J. K., and Mortimer, A. M. 2007. Weed management in direct-seeded rice. Adv. Agron. 93:153–255.Google Scholar
Roberts, E. H. and Totterdell, S. 1981. Seed dormancy in Rumex species in response to environmental factors. Plant Cell Environ. 4:97–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanchez, P. A. 1976. Soil management in rice cultivation systems. Pages 413–477. in. Properties and Management of Soils in the Tropics. Raleigh, NC J. Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Tanji, K. K. and Kielen, N. C. 2002. Agricultural Drainage Water Management in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas. Pages 202 p. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 61. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/005/y4263e/y4263e11.pdf.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R., Beste, C. E., and Potts, W. E. 1991. Response of weeds to tillage and cover crop residue. Weed Sci. 39:195–199.Google Scholar
Upreti, J. and Dhar, U. 1997. Study on seed germination of a leguminous liana—Bauhinia vahlii Wight and Arnott. Seed Sci. Technol. 25:187–194.Google Scholar
Uscanga-Mortera, E., Clay, S. A., Forcella, F., and Gunsolus, J. 2007. Common waterhemp growth and fecundity as influenced by emerging date and competing crop. Agron. J. 99:1265–1270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar