Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T06:19:51.497Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Seed age and storage conditions influence germination of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Zdenka Martinkova ,
Alois Honek  and
Jan Lukas
Zdenka Martinkova
Affiliation:
Research Institute of Crop Production, Drnovska 507, CZ-16106 Praha 6—Ruzyne, Czech Republic
Jan Lukas
Affiliation:
Research Institute of Crop Production, Drnovska 507, CZ-16106 Praha 6—Ruzyne, Czech Republic
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Germination was investigated in 1-yr and 8-yr-old seed lots of barnyardgrass. Each seed lot was divided into a portion stored dry at 25 C (afterripening) and a portion buried in the field (stratification) in central Europe (latitude 50°N, longitude 14°E). The afterripened seed lost dormancy within 2 yr after dispersal, whereas buried seed passed through annual dormancy/nondormancy cycles. The seed was germinated at five constant temperatures between 17 and 35 C with an 18/6-h light/dark photoperiod. Germination was affected by both seed age and storage conditions. Germination percentage and rate in 8-yr-old afterripened and each of the stratified seed lots varied with temperature. Optimum temperatures for germination were between 27 and 31 C, and the range of adequate temperatures increased with seed age. A common base temperature for germination was 11.7 C. In 1-yr-old afterripened material, the proportion of germinating seed (< 5%) and germination rate were similar at all temperatures. Barnyardgrass thus revealed a plastic strategy of germination. Stratification during the first winter removed dormancy and allowed germination at a narrow range of temperatures. This constraint on optimum germination temperature decreased with increased seed age. Seedling emergence, thus, may vary according to whether seed population originates from the previous year or from old soil seed banks.

Keywords

Barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. ECHCGTemperatureseed ageseed storageafterripeningstratificationdormancy
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 54 , Issue 2 , April 2006 , pp. 298 - 304
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Boyd, N. and VanAcker, R. C. 2003. The effects of depth and fluctuating soil moisture on the emergence of eight annual and six perennial plant species. Weed Sci 51:725–730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brod, G. 1968. Studies on the biology and ecology of barnyardgrass Echinochloa crus-galli L. Beauv. Weed Res 8:115–127. [In German].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnside, O. C., Wilson, R. G., Weisberg, S., and Hubbard, K. G. 1996. Seed longevity of 41 weed species buried 17 years in eastern and western Nebraska. Weed Sci 44:74–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cabin, R. J., Evans, A. S., and Mitchell, R. J. 1997. Genetic effects of germination timing and environment: an experimental investigation. Evolution 51:1427–1434.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, P. H. and Kuo, W. H. J. 1995. Germination conditions for the non-dormant seeds of Monochoria vaginalis . Taiwania 40:419–432.Google Scholar
Colbach, N., Chauvel, B., Dürr, C., and Richard, G. 2002. Effect of environmental conditions on Alopecurus myosuroides germination, II: effect of moisture conditions and storage length. Weed Res 42:222–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Debeaujon, I., Leon-Kloosterziel, K. M., and Koornneef, M. 2000. Influence of the testa on seed dormancy, germination, and longevity in Arabidopsis . Plant Physiol 122:403–413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garcia-Huidobro, J., Monteith, J. L., and Squire, G. R. 1982. Time, temperature and germination of pearl millet, I: constant temperature. J. Exp. Bot 41:288–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grundy, A. C. 1997. The influence of temperature and water potential on the germination of seven different dry-stored seed lots of Stellaria media . Weed Res 37:257–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grundy, A. C., Phelps, K., Reader, R. J., and Burston, S. 2000. Modelling the germination of Stellaria media using the concept of hydrothermal time. New Phytol 148:433–444.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Honek, A., Jarosik, V., and Martinkova, Z. 2003. Effect of temperature on development and reproduction in Gastrophysa viridula (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Eur. J. Entomol 100:295–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honek, A. and Martinkova, Z. 1991. Competition between maize and barnyard grass Echinochloa crus-galli, and its effect on aphids and their predators. Acta Oecol. Oecol. Appl 12:741–751.Google Scholar
Honek, A. and Martinkova, Z. 1996. Geographic variation in seed dormancy among populations of Echinochloa crus-galli . Oecologia 108:419–423.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Honek, A., Martinkova, Z., and Jarosik, V. 1999. Annual cycles of germinability and differences between primary and secondary dormancy in buried seeds of Echinochloa crus-galli . Weed Res 39:69–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kupka, K. 2002. Qc.Expert™ Standard, PRO, Adstat™: Reference Manual. Pardubice, Czechoslovakia: TriloByte.Google Scholar
Lactin, D. J., Holliday, N. J., Johnson, D. L., and Craigen, R. 1995. Improved rate model of temperature-dependent development by arthropods. Environ. Entomol 24:68–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leblanc, M. L., Cloutier, D. C., Stewart, K. A., and Hamel, C. 2003. The use of thermal time to model common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) seedling emergence in corn. Weed Sci 51:718–724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, R. J. and Kuo, W. H. J. 1996. Seasonal changes in the germinability of buried seeds of Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link. and Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. var. amurensis Taipei, Taiwan. National Taiwan University 36:233–244.Google Scholar
Martinkova, Z. and Honek, A. 1993. The effects of sowing depth and date on emergence and growth of barnyard grass, Echinochloa crus-galli . Ochrana Rostlin 29:251–257.Google Scholar
Martinkova, Z. and Honek, A. 1997. Geographic variation in the rate of seed dormancy termination in barnyard grass, Echinochloa crus-galli . Ochrana Rostlin 33:26–32.Google Scholar
Martinkova, Z. and Honek, A. 2000. Variation in seasonal cycles of germination of buried seeds of barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli . J. Plant Dis. Prot. Sonderheft 17:133–138.Google Scholar
Martinkova, Z. and Honek, A. 2004. Seed afterripening in barnyardgrass Echinochloa crus-galli . J. Plant Dis. Prot. Sonderheft 19:100–106.Google Scholar
Maun, M. A. and Barrett, S. C. H. 1986. The biology of Can. weeds, 77: Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. Can. J. Plant Sci 66:739–759.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milberg, P. and Andersson, L. 1998. Does cold stratification level out differences in seed germinability between populations? Plant Ecol 134:225–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naylor, R. E. L. 1993. The effect of parent plant nutrition on seed size, viability and vigour and on germination of wheat and triticale at different temperatures. Ann. Appl. Biol 123:379–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popay, A. I. 1981. Germination of seeds of five annual species of barley grass. J. Appl. Ecol 18:547–558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pritchard, H. W. and Miller, A. P. 1995. The effects of constant temperatures, light and seed quality on the germination characteristics of Agave americana . Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 57:11–14.Google Scholar
R Development Core Team. 2004. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org.Google Scholar
Rahn, E. M., Sweet, R. D., Vengris, J., and Dunn, C. 1968. Life history studies as related to weed control in the Northeast. 5.—Barnyardgrass. Agric. Exp. Sta. Univ. Delaware Bull 368:1–46.Google Scholar
Rice, K. J. and Dyer, A. R. 2001. Seed aging, delayed germination and reduced competitive ability in Bromus tectorum . Plant Ecol 155:237–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roche, B. F. and Muzik, T. J. 1964. Physiological study of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. and the response of its biotypes to sodium 2,2 dichloropropionate. Agron. J 56:155–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schütz, W., Milberg, P., and Lamont, B. B. 2002. Seed dormancy, afterripening and light requirements of four annual Asteraceae in south-western Australia. Ann. Bot 90:707–714.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
StatSoft. 1994. Statistica for Windows. Vol. 1. General Conventions and Statistics. Tulsa, OK: StatSoft., Inc.Google Scholar
Suzuki, W. 1997. Germination responses of Rubus palmatus var. coptophyllus and Rubus parvifolius seeds with different burial durations to a variable light and temperature. Ecol. Res 12:167–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torma, M. and Hodi, L. 2002. Reproduction biology of some important monocot weeds in Hungary. J. Plant Dis. Protect. Sonderheft 18:191–196.Google Scholar
Trudgill, D. L., Honek, A., Li, D., and Van Straalen, N. M. 2005. Thermal time—concepts and utility. Ann. Appl. Biol 146:1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trudgill, D. L., Squire, G. R., and Thompson, K. 2000. A thermal time basis for comparing the germination requirements of some British herbaceous plants. New Phytol 145:107–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Assche, J. A., Van Nerum, D. M., and Darius, P. 2003. The comparative germination ecology of nine Rumex species. Plant Ecol 159:131–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watanabe, Y. and Hirokawa, F. 1974. Ecological studies on the germination and emergence of annual weeds, 2: the period of dormancy breaking and the death of seeds in the process of dormancy breaking in the field in Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli var. praticola and Polygonum lapathifolium . Weed Res. Jpn 17:29–33.Google Scholar
Yoshioka, T., Satoh, S., and Yamasue, Y. 1998. Effect of increased concentration of soil CO2 on intermittent flushes of seed germination in Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli . Plant Cell Environ 21:1301–1306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar