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Principal Canopy Factors of Sweet Corn and Relationships to Competitive Ability with Wild-Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Yim F. So ,
Martin M. Williams II ,
Jerald K. Pataky  and
Adam S. Davis
Yim F. So
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
Martin M. Williams II*
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Weed Management Research, University of Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
Jerald K. Pataky
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Department of Crop Sciences, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
Adam S. Davis
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Weed Management Research, University of Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Univariate analyses fail to account for covariance among phenomorphological traits implicated in crop competitive ability. A more complete analysis of cultivar–weed interactions would reduce a number of important traits to a few underlying principal factors responsible for sweet corn competitiveness. Twenty-three commercial sweet corn hybrids from nine seed companies were grown in the presence and absence of wild-proso millet to (1) quantify the extent to which phenomorphological traits vary in sweet corn, (2) identify underlying principal factors that describe variation in crop canopy development, and (3) determine functional relationships between crop canopy factors and competitive ability. A principal component factor analysis revealed that 7 of the 18 weed-free crop traits measured at silking loaded highly (0.65 to 0.90) into the first factor, including plant height, shoot biomass, per plant leaf area, leaf area index, and intercepted light, as well as thermal time from emergence to silking and emergence to maturity. All seven traits were highly correlated (0.38 to 0.93) and were interpreted as a “late canopy and maturity” factor. Another five traits formed two additional principal factors that were interpreted as an early “seedling quality” factor (e.g., kernel mass, seedling vigor, and height at two-leaf stage) and a mid-season “canopy closure” factor (e.g., leaf area index and intercepted photosynthetically active radiation at six-leaf stage). Relationships between principal factors and competitive abilities were quantified using least-squares linear regression. Cultivars with greater loadings in the late canopy and maturity and canopy closure factors were more competitive with wild-proso millet. In contrast, crop competitive ability declined with cultivars that loaded highly into the seedling quality factor. The analyses showed that sweet corn's ability to endure weed interference and suppress weed fitness relates uniquely to three underlying principal factors that capture crop canopy development around emergence and near canopy closure and during the reproductive phase.

Keywords

Wild-proso millet, Panicum miliaceum L.sweet corn, Zea mays L. ‘ACX1413BC’, ‘Beyond’, ‘Cahill’, ‘Code128’, ‘Code3’, ‘Code39’, ‘Coho’, ‘DMC2184’, ‘Dynamo’, ‘El Toro’, ‘EX 8716622’, ‘Harvest Gold’, ‘Incredible’, ‘Legacy’, ‘Luscious’, ‘Mystic’, ‘Precious Gem’, ‘Quickie’, ‘Rocker’, ‘SCH7006RR’, ‘Spirit’, ‘Spring Treat’, and ‘Sugar Buns’.Competitioncrop tolerancecultural weed controlfactor analysisinterferenceintegrated weed managementphenologyweed suppressive ability
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 57 , Issue 3 , June 2009 , pp. 296 - 303
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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