Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T17:14:51.005Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Primary Dormancy and Seedling Emergence of Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum) and Hairy Nightshade (Solanum physalifolium)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Alireza Taab  and
Lars Andersson
Alireza Taab*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Lars Andersson
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Variation in primary dormancy among populations of black nightshade and hairy nightshade collected on two dates was investigated. In addition, emergence characteristics of both species were studied during 2 yr with several populations and soil disturbance regimes. Results revealed a variation in the level of primary dormancy among populations and collection dates in black nightshade. However, fresh seeds of hairy nightshade showed no or negligible germinability, indicating a deeper level of dormancy. Emergence was higher in black nightshade than in hairy nightshade in both years, but with significant differences among populations. In addition, various categories regarding the soil temperature requirements for seedling emergence were found within seed batches. This enables the species to extend their emergence timing and therefore escape from climatic extremes or weed control operations. This information can be used to improve weed management strategies by timing weed control measures to larger seedling flushes.

Keywords

Black nightshade, Solanum nigrum L., SOLNIhairy nightshade, Solanum physalifolium Rusby, SOLSA.Dormant seedssoil stirringdormancy reductiondormancy inductionseedling recruitment
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 57 , Issue 5 , October 2009 , pp. 526 - 532
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Current address: Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, 69315-516 Ilam, Iran.

References

Literature Cited

Agong, S. G. 1993. Seed extraction procedures for long-term conservation of Solanum nigrum . Seed Sci. Technol. 21:447–451.Google Scholar
Allen, P. S. and Meyer, S. E. 2002. Ecology and ecological genetics of seed dormancy in downy brome. Weed Sci. 50:241–247.Google Scholar
Andersson, L. and Åkerblom-Espeby, L. 2009. Variation in seed dormancy and light sensitivity in Alopecurus myosuroides and Apera spica-venti. Weed Res. 49:261–270.Google Scholar
Andersson, L. and Milberg, P. 1998. Variation in seed dormancy among mother plants, populations and years of seed collection. Seed Sci. Res. 8:29–38.Google Scholar
Andersson, L. and Yahya, A. 2003. Primary dormancy in Solanum nigrum and Solanum physalifolium . Asp. Appl. Biol. 69:229–235.Google Scholar
Battla, D. and Benech-Arnold, R. L. 2007. Predicting changes in dormancy level in weed seed soil banks: implications for weed management. Crop Prot. 26:189–197.Google Scholar
Benech-Arnold, R. L., Sanchez, R. A., Forcella, F., Kruk, B. C., and Ghersa, C. M. 2000. Environmental control of dormancy in weed seed banks in soil. Field Crops Res. 67:105–122.Google Scholar
Bithell, S. L., McKenzie, B. A., Bourdot, G. W., Hill, G. D., and Wratten, S. D. 2002. Germination requirements of laboratory stored seeds of black nightshade and hairy nightshade. NZ Plant Prot. 55:222–227.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D., Hartzler, R. G., and Forcella, F. 1997a. Implications of weed seed bank dynamics to weed management. Weed Sci. 45:329–336.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D., Hartzler, R. G., Forcella, E., and Gunsolus, J. 1997b. Relative Emergence Sequence for Weeds of Corn and Soybeans. Ames, IA Iowa State University Publication on Pest Management, File 9 (SA-11).Google Scholar
Defelice, M. S. 2003. The black nightshade, Solanum nigrum L. et al.—poison, poultice, and pie. Weed Technol. 17:421–427.Google Scholar
Del Monte, J. P. and Tarquis, A. M. 1997. The role of temperature in the seed germination of two species of the Solanum nigrum complex. J. Exp. Bot. 48:2087–2093.Google Scholar
Diggle, P. J., Heagerty, P., Liang, K-Y., and Zeger, S. L. 2002. Analysis of Longitudinal Data. Oxford Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Edmonds, J. M. and Chweya, J. A. 1997. Black nightshades (Solanum nigrum L.) and related species. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 15. Rome, Italy Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. 1–115.Google Scholar
Egley, G. H. and Williams, R. D. 1990. Decline of weed seeds and seedling emergence over five years as affected by soil disturbance. Weed Sci. 38:504–510.Google Scholar
Fenner, M. 1991. The effects of the parent environment on seed germinability. Seed Sci. Res. 1:75–84.Google Scholar
Finch-Savage, W. E. and Leubner-Metzger, G. 2006. Tansley review: seed dormancy and the control of germination. New Phytol. 171:501–523.Google Scholar
Givelberg, A., Horowitz, M., and Poljakoff-Mayber, A. 1984. Germination behavior of Solanum nigrum seeds. J. Exp. Bot. 35:588–598.Google Scholar
Grundy, A. C. 2003. Predicting weed emergence: a review of approaches and future challenges. Weed Res. 43:1–11.Google Scholar
Holm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, J. P. 1991. The World's Worst Weeds. Distribution and Biology. Honolulu, HI University of Hawaii Press. 430–435.Google Scholar
Hoyle, G. L., Steadman, K. J., Daws, M. I., and Adkins, S. W. 2008. Pre- and postharvest influences on seed dormancy status of an Australian Goodeniaceae species, Goodenia fascicularis . Ann. Bot. 102:93–101.Google Scholar
Karlsson, L. and Milberg, P. 2008. Variation within species and inter-species comparison of seed dormancy and germination of four annual Lamium species. Flora. 203:409–420.Google Scholar
Keeley, P. E. and Thullen, R. J. 1983. Influence of planting date on the growth of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum). Weed Sci. 31:180–184.Google Scholar
Kegode, G. O. and Pearce, R. B. 1998. Influence of environment during maternal plant growth on dormancy of shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) and giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) seed. Weed Sci. 46:322–329.Google Scholar
Kremer, E. and Lotz, L. A. P. 1998. Germination and emergence characteristics of triazine-susceptible and triazine-resistant biotypes of Solanum nigrum . J. Appl. Ecol. 35:302–310.Google Scholar
Myers, M. W., Curran, W. S., Vangessel, M. J., Majek, B. A., Mortensen, D. A., Calvin, D. D., Karsten, H. D., and Roth, G. W. 2005. Effect of soil disturbance on annual weed emergence in the northeastern United States. Weed Technol. 19:274–282.Google Scholar
Ogg, A. G. Jr. and Dawson, J. H. 1984. Time of emergence of eight weed species. Weed Sci. 32:327–335.Google Scholar
Ogg, A. G. Jr. and Rogers, B. S. 1989. Taxonomy, distribution, biology, and control of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) and related species in the United States and Canada. Rev. Weed Sci. 4:25–58.Google Scholar
Roach, D. A. and Wulff, R. D. 1987. Maternal effects in plants. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 18:209–235.Google Scholar
Roberts, H. A. 1986. Seed persistence in soil and seasonal emergence in plant species from different habitats. J. Appl. Ecol. 23:639–56.Google Scholar
Roberts, H. A. and Locket, P. M. 1978. Seed dormancy and field emergence in Solanum nigrum L. Weed Res. 18:231–241.Google Scholar
Roberts, H. A. and Potter, M. E. 1980. Emergence patterns of weed seedlings in relation to cultivation and rainfall. Weed Res. 20:377–386.Google Scholar
SAS 2001. SAS Online Doc, version 8.2. Cary, NC SAS Institute.Google Scholar
Scopel, A. L., Ballare, C. L., and Radosevich, S. R. 1994. Photostimulation of seed germination during soil tillage. New Phytol. 126:145–152.Google Scholar
Steadman, K. J., Ellery, A. J., Chapman, R., Moore, A., and Turner, N. C. 2004. Maturation temperature and rainfall influence seed dormancy characteristics of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). Aust. J. Agric. Res. 55:1047–1057.Google Scholar
Stoller, E. W. and Wax, L. M. 1973. Periodicity of germination and emergence of some annual weeds. Weed Sci. 21:574–580.Google Scholar
Taab, A. and Andersson, L. 2009. Seasonal changes in seed dormancy of Solanum nigrum and Solanum physalifolium . Weed Res. 49:90–97.Google Scholar
Taab, A. and Andersson, L. 2009. Seed dormancy dynamics and germination characteristics of Solanum nigrum . Weed Res. In press.Google Scholar
Vleeshouwers, L. M. 1997. Modelling the effect of temperature, soil penetration resistance, burial depth and seed weight on pre-emergence growth of weeds. Ann. Bot. 79:553–563.Google Scholar
Vleeshouwers, L. M. and Kropff, M. J. 2000. Modelling field emergence patterns in arable weeds. New Phytol. 148:445–457.Google Scholar
Wuolo, A. and Jönsson, B. 2002. Nattskatta är ett problemogäs. Potatis Grönsaker Nr4.Google Scholar
Yenish, J. P., Doll, J. D., and Buhler, D. D. 1992. Effects of tillage on vertical distribution and viability of weed seed in soil. Weed Sci. 40:429–433.Google Scholar