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Plant Growth Response to the Phytotoxin Viridiol Produced by the Fungus Gliocladium virens

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Richard W. Jones ,
W. Thomas Lanini  and
Joseph G. Hancock
Richard W. Jones
Affiliation:
Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. California, 147 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
W. Thomas Lanini
Affiliation:
Univ. California, 216 Robbins Hall, Davis, CA 95616
Joseph G. Hancock
Affiliation:
Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. California, 147 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
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Abstract

Gliocladium virens, when grown on peat moss amended with sucrose and ammonium nitrate and then applied to soil, resulted in root necrosis. Herbicidal activity was correlated with fungal production of the phytotoxin viridiol. Viridiol had a wide spectrum of activity; it was particularly effective against annual composite species but was less effective in monocot control. Emergence of most weeds was reduced >90% at application rates of 8.7% (of total volume) or less. Treated seedling dry weights were drastically reduced. Applications of 4.5% reduced root and shoot weight of redroot pigweed by 93 and 98%, respectively. Crops were affected at higher treatment levels; however, the toxicity was readily avoided by applying the mycoherbicide out of the root zone of the crop, instead applying it between the seed and the soil surface. Viridiol production, which confers herbicidal activity, was detected 3 days after incorporation of the fungus-peat mixture. Viridiol production peaked on days 5 and 6 at approximately 25 μg viridiol/100 ml soil, based upon an application rate of 11%, then declined to undetectable levels by the end of 2 weeks.

Keywords

Redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. #3 AMAREGliocladium virens Miller, Giddens & Fosterviridiol, C20H18O6, a dihydroderivative of the steroidal antibiotic viridinBroad-spectrum mycoherbicidesoilborne fungusbiological control
Type
Special Topics
Information
Weed Science , Volume 36 , Issue 5 , September 1988 , pp. 683 - 687
Copyright
Copyright © 1988 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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References

Literature Cited

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