Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T18:08:47.602Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) germination and emergence as affected by environmental factors and seeding depth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Marcos J. Oliveira  and
Jason K. Norsworthy
Marcos J. Oliveira
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Soils, and Plant Sciences, Clemson University, 277 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson, SC 29634
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effect of light, temperature, solution pH, solution osmotic potential, and oxygen concentration on pitted morningglory germination and radicle plus hypocotyl elongation, and seeding depth on its subsequent emergence. Daily exposure of seed to natural light resulted in lower germination than in darkness, whereas germination was not influenced by brief exposure to red or far-red light. Germination occurred over a wide range of constant temperatures, from 7.5 to 52.5 C, with optimum germination between 20 and 25 C. Germination occurred at solution pH range of 3 to 10 and was optimal from pH 6 to 8. Radicle plus hypocotyl elongation was influenced by the interaction of temperature and solution pH. A combination of acidic medium (pH 6) and high temperature (30 C) resulted in the greatest radicle plus hypocotyl length of 7.6 cm after a 7-d incubation. Germination and radicle plus hypocotyl elongation, averaged over the 15 and 30 C temperature, decreased with increasing moisture stress, with less than 3% normalized germination at −1.0 MPa. Germination was 29, 40, and 51% at 2, 10, and 20% oxygen, respectively, averaged over 15 and 30 C. Germination of seed lying on the soil surface covered with filter paper or without any cover was similar, averaging 64%. Normalized emergence, relative to germination on the soil surface, decreased with increasing burial depth to 4% emergence at 10 cm, with a mean emergence depth of 4.1 cm, averaged across two soil types.

Keywords

Pitted morningglory, Ipomoea lacunosa L. IPOLAEmergence depthgerminationmoisture stressoxygensolution pHtemperatureweed biology
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 54 , Issue 5 , October 2006 , pp. 910 - 916
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Al-Ani, A., Bruzau, F., Raymond, P., Saint-Ges, V., Leblanc, J. M., and Pradet, A. 1985. Germination, respiration and adenylate energy charge of seeds at various oxygen partial pressures. Plant Physiol. 79:885–890.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bararpour, M. T. and Oliver, L. R. 1998. Effect of tillage and interference on common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) population, seed production, and seedbank. Weed Sci. 46:424–431.Google Scholar
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1985. The annual dormancy cycle in buried weed seeds: a continuum. Bioscience. 35:492–498.Google Scholar
Benech-Arnold, R. L., Sánchez, R. A., Forcella, F., Kruk, B. C., and Ghersa, C. M. 2000. Environmental control of dormancy in weed seed banks in soil. Field Crops Res. 67:105–122.Google Scholar
Benvenuti, S. 1995. Soil light penetration and dormancy of jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) seeds. Weed Sci. 43:389–393.Google Scholar
Benvenuti, S. 2003. Soil texture involvement in germination and emergence of buried weed seeds. Agron. J. 95:191–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchanan, G. A., Hoveland, C. S., and Harris, M. C. 1975. Response of weeds to soil pH. Weed Sci. 23:473–477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casal, J. J. and Sánchez, R. A. 1998. Phytochromes and seed germination. Seed Sci. Res. 8:317–329.Google Scholar
Cole, A. W. and Coats, G. E. 1973. Tall morningglory germination response to herbicides and temperature. Weed Sci. 21:443–446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowley, R. H. and Buchanan, G. A. 1978. Competition of four morningglory (Ipomoea spp.) species with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 26:484–488.Google Scholar
Crowley, R. H. and Buchanan, G. A. 1982. Variations in seed production and response to pests of morningglory (Ipomoea) species and smallflower morningglory (Jacquemontia tamnifolia). Weed Sci. 30:187–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cussans, G. W., Raudonius, S., Brain, P., and Cumberworth, S. 1996. Effects of depth of seed burial and soil aggregate size on seedling emergence of Alopecurus myosuroides, Galium aparine, Stellaria media and wheat. Weed Res. 36:133–141.Google Scholar
Drew, C. 1990. Sensing soil oxygen. Plant Cell Environ. 13:681–693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egley, G. H. and Chandler, J. M. 1983. Longevity of weed seeds after 5.5 years in the Stoneville 50-year buried-seed study. Weed Sci. 31:264–270.Google Scholar
Gealy, D. 1998. Differential response of palmleaf morningglory (Ipomoea wrightii) and pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa). Weed Sci. 46:217–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gomes, L. F., Chandler, J. M., and Vaughan, C. E. 1978. Aspects of germination, emergence, and seed production of three Ipomoea taxa. Weed Sci. 26:245–248.Google Scholar
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. New York: J. Wiley. Pp. 7–83.Google Scholar
Hanson, P. J., Edwards, N. T., Garten, C. T., and Andrews, J. A. 2000. Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration: a review of methods and observations. Biogeochemistry. 48:115–146.Google Scholar
Holt, J. S. 1995. Plant responses to light: a potential tool for weed management. Weed Sci. 43:474–482.Google Scholar
Horak, M. J. and Wax, L. M. 1991. Germination and seedling development on bigroot morningglory (Ipomoea pandurata). Weed Sci. 39:390–396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howe, O. W. III and Oliver, L. R. 1987. Influence of soybean (Glycine max) row spacing on pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) interference. Weed Sci. 35:185–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutchings, S. 1932. Light in relation to the seed germination of Mimulus ringens L. Am. J. Bot. 19:632–643.Google Scholar
Jordan, D. L., York, A. C., Griffin, J. L., Clay, P. A., Vidrine, P. R., and Reynolds, D. B. 1997. Influence of application variables on efficacy of glyphosate. Weed Technol. 11:354–362.Google Scholar
Lovelace, M. L. and Oliver, L. R. 2000. Effects of interference and tillage on hemp sesbania and pitted morningglory emergence, growth, and seed production. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 53:202.Google Scholar
Medlin, C. R., Shaw, D. R., Cox, M. S., Gerard, P. D., Abshire, M. J., and Wardlaw, M. C. III. 2001. Using soil parameters to predict weed infestations in soybean. Weed Sci. 49:367–374.Google Scholar
Michel, B. E. 1983. Evaluation of the water potentials of solutions of polyethylene glycol 8000 both in the absence and presence of other solutes. Plant Physiol. 72:66–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Norsworthy, J. K. 2003. Use of soybean production surveys to determine weed management needs of South Carolina farmers. Weed Technol. 17:195–201.Google Scholar
Norsworthy, J. K. 2004. Soybean canopy formation effects on pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) emergence. Weed Sci. 52:954–960.Google Scholar
Norsworthy, J. K., Burgos, N. R., and Oliver, L. R. 2001. Differences in weed tolerance to glyphosate involve different mechanisms. Weed Technol. 15:725–731.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norsworthy, J. K. and Oliver, L. R. 2002a. Effect of irrigation, soybean (Glycine max) density, and glyphosate on hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) and pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) interference in soybean. Weed Technol. 16:7–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norsworthy, J. K. and Oliver, L. R. 2002b. Pitted morningglory interference in drill-seeded glyphosate-resistant soybean. Weed Sci. 50:26–33.Google Scholar
Norsworthy, J. K. and Oliveira, M. J. 2005. Coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis) germination and emergence is influenced by environmental factors and seeding depth. Weed Sci. 53:657–662.Google Scholar
Oliveira, M. J. and Norsworthy, J. K. 2004. Effect of drill-seeded soybean and tillage on emergence of pitted morningglory and sicklepod following one year's seed rain. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 57:335.Google Scholar
Rajapakse, N. C., McMahon, M. J., and Kelly, J. W. 1993. End of day far-red light reverses height reduction of chrysanthemum induced by CuSO4 spectral filters. Sci. Hortic. 53:249–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, E. H. 1988. Temperature and seed germination. Pages 109–132 in Long, S. P. and Woodward, F. I. eds. Plants and Temperature. Cambridge, Great Britain: Society for Experimental Biology.Google Scholar
Shapiro, S. S. and Wilk, M. B. 1965. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika. 52:591–611.Google Scholar
Sharma, M. P. and Vanden Born, W. H. 1978. The biology of Canadian weeds, 27: Avena fatua L. Can. J. Plant. Sci. 58:141–157.Google Scholar
Taylor, A. G., Moles, J. E., and Kirkham, N. B. 1982. Germination and seedling growth characteristics of three tomato species affected by water deficits. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. 107:282–285.Google Scholar
Thompson, K., Grime, J. P., and Mason, G. 1977. Seed germination in response to diurnal fluctuations of temperature. Nature. 267:147–149.Google Scholar
Toole, E. H. and Brown, E. 1946. Final results of the Duvel buried seed experiment. J. Agric. Res. 72:201–210.Google Scholar
Turk, M. A., Rahman, A., Tawaha, M., and Lee, K. D. 2004. Seed germination and seedling growth of three lentil cultivars under moisture stress. Asian J. Plant Sci. 3:394–397.Google Scholar
[USDA] U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. 2005. Adoption of genetically engineered crops in the United States. www.ers.usda.gov/data/biotechcrops/adoption.htm.Google Scholar
Webster, T. M. and Coble, H. D. 1997. Changes in the weed species composition of the southern United States: 1974 to 1995. Weed Technol. 11:308–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, T. M. and MacDonald, G. E. 2001. A survey of weeds in various crops in Georgia. Weed Technol. 15:771–790.CrossRefGoogle Scholar