Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-20T21:38:05.691Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Picloram Uptake, Translocation, and Efficacy in Relation to Water Status of Russian Knapweed (Acroptilon repens)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Robert G. Morrison ,
Norman K. Lownds  and
Tracy M. Sterling
Robert G. Morrison
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Hortic., New Mexico State Univ.; Dep. Entomol., Plant Pathol. and Weed Sci., New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM 88003
Norman K. Lownds
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Hortic., New Mexico State Univ.; Dep. Entomol., Plant Pathol. and Weed Sci., New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM 88003
Tracy M. Sterling
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Hortic., New Mexico State Univ.; Dep. Entomol., Plant Pathol. and Weed Sci., New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM 88003
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Picloram uptake, translocation, and efficacy were studied using greenhouse-grown Russian knapweed plants. Uptake of 14C-picloram, applied as discrete droplets to adaxial leaf surfaces of well-watered plants, averaged less than 10% of that applied. Most uptake occurred within 30 min of application. Uptake increased linearly with external picloram concentrations from 6.2 to 74.5 mM and was proportional to picloram concentration. Only about 10% of absorbed picloram was translocated out of the treated leaf of well-watered plants within 96 h, with approximately equal acropetal and basipetal translocation. Water stress before, at the time of, and after picloram application did not affect picloram uptake, but reduced total translocation and increased the relative amount translocated basipetally. Water stress also reduced picloram efficacy. Although Silwett L-77 increased picloram uptake into Russian knapweed leaves, it did not increase efficacy under water stress conditions.

Keywords

Picloram, 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acidRussian knapweed, Acroptilon repens L. #3 CENRERangeland weed controlherbicide uptakeherbicide absorptionherbicide translocationdrought stressCENRE
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 43 , Issue 1 , March 1995 , pp. 34 - 39
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

LITERATURE CITED

1. Ahmadi, M. S., Haderlie, L. C., and Wicks, G. A. 1980. Effect of growth stage and water stress on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli) control and on glyphosate absorption and translocation. Weed Sci. 28:277–282.Google Scholar
2. Bovey, R. W., Miller, R. E., and Bouse, L. F. 1987. Influence of adjuvants on the deposition, absorption and translocation of clopyralid in honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa). Weed Sci. 35:253–258.Google Scholar
3. Bovey, R. W., Hein, H. Jr., and Meyer, R. E. 1988. Phytotoxicity and uptake of clopyralid in honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) as affected by adjuvants and other herbicides. Weed Sci. 36:20–23.Google Scholar
4. Chandrasena, N. R. and Sagar, G. A. 1989. Fluazifop toxicity to quackgrass (Agropyron repens) as influenced by some application factors and site of application. Weed Sci. 37:790–796.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Chase, R. L. and Appleby, A. P. 1979. Effects of humidity and moisture stress on glyphosate control of Cyperus rotundus L. Weed Res. 19:241–246.Google Scholar
6. Davis, F. S., Merkle, M. G., and Bovey, R. W. 1968. Effect of moisture stress on the absorption and transport of herbicides in woody plants. Bot. Gaz. 129:183–189.Google Scholar
7. Hunt, G. M. and Baker, E. A. 1982. Developmental and environmental variations in plant epicuticular waxes; some effects on penetration of napthyl acetic acid. Pages 279–292 in Cutler, D. F., Alvin, K. L., and Price, C. E., eds. The Plant Cuticle. Academic Press, London, England.Google Scholar
8. Lauridson, T. C., Wilson, R. G., and Haderlie, L. C. 1983. Effect of moisture stress on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control. Weed Sci. 31:674–680.Google Scholar
9. Lownds, N. K., Leon, J. M., and Bukovac, M. J. 1987. Effect of surfactants on foliar penetration of NAA and NAA-induced ethylene evolution in cowpea. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 112:554–560.Google Scholar
10. Maddox, D. M., Mayfield, A., and Poritz, N. H. 1985. Distribution of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) and Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens). Weed Sci. 33:315–327.Google Scholar
11. McWhorter, C. G. and Azlin, W. R. 1978. Effects of environment on the toxicity of glyphosate to johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 26:605–608.Google Scholar
12 McWhorter, C. G., Jordan, T. N., and Wills, G. D. 1980. Translocation of 14C-glyphosate in soybeans (Glycine max) and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). Weed Sci. 28:113–118.Google Scholar
13. Muzik, T. J. 1976. Influence of environmental factors on toxicity to plants. Pages 204–248 in Audus, L. J., ed. Herbicides, Physiology, Biochemistry, and Ecology, vol. 2. Academic Press, New York, NY.Google Scholar
14. O'Sullivan, P. A. and Kossatz, V. C. 1984. Absorption and translocation of 14C-3,6-dichloropicolinic acid in Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Weed Res. 6:233–242.Google Scholar
15. Price, C. E. 1982. A review of the factors influencing the penetration of pesticides through plant leaves. Pages 237–252 in Cutter, D. F., Alvin, K. L., and Price, C. E., ed. The Plant Cuticle. Academic Press, London, England.Google Scholar
16. Richardson, R. G. 1977. A review of foliar absorption and translocation of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. Weed Res. 17:259–272.Google Scholar
17. Robertson, M.M. and Kirkwood, R. C. 1969. The mode of action of foliage applied translocated herbicides with particular reference to the phenoxy acid compounds. Weed Res. 9:224–240.Google Scholar
18. Sinoit, N. and Kramer, P. J. 1976. Water potential and stomatal resistance of sunflower and soybean subjected to water stress during various growth stages. Plant. Physiol. 58:537–540.Google Scholar
19. Smith, L. W., Foy, C. L., and Bayer, D. E. 1966. Structure-activity relationships of alkylphenol ethylene oxide ether non-ionic surfactants and three water soluble herbicides. Weed Res. 6:233–242.Google Scholar
20. Sterling, T. M. and Lownds, N. K. 1992. Picloram absorption by broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae) leaf tissue. Weed Sci. 40:390–394.Google Scholar
21. Stevens, P.J.G. and Zabkiewicz, J. A. 1988. Effects of surfactants on foliar uptake: Interactions with species, chemicals and concentration. Page 145–150 in EWRS Symp. Factor Affecting Herbicidal Activity and Selectivity, Wageningen, Holland.Google Scholar
22. Young, S., Brown, W. W., and Klinger, B. 1970. Nigropallidal encephalomalacia in horses fed Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens L.). Am. Vet. Res. 31:1393–1404.Google Scholar