Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T19:13:05.685Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Photolytic degradation of 2,4-D on Zea mays leaves

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Ramarao Venkatesh  and
S. Kent Harrison
Ramarao Venkatesh
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine the effects of UV light and riboflavin on photolysis of 2,4-D applied to Zea mays leaves. Droplets of 100 mg L−114C-2,4-D were applied to Z. mays leaves with and without 10 mg L−13H-riboflavin and exposed to either UV-enhanced or UV-attenuated polychromatic light in a time-course assay. Photolysis of nonabsorbed 14C-2,4-D residues on Z. mays leaves was sensitized by riboflavin regardless of UV light regime, but a larger percentage of nonabsorbed herbicide was degraded under UV-enhanced light compared to UV-attenuated light. Riboflavin was almost completely photolyzed during the first 10 h of exposure; yet, photolysis of 14C-2,4-D surface residues in treatments containing riboflavin increased from 59% at 10 h of exposure to 87% at 42 h of exposure. In corresponding treatments without riboflavin, photolysis of 14C-2,4-D surface residues was 37% at 10 h of exposure and 84% at 42 h of exposure. In contrast, only 7% of the 14C-2,4-D deposited on glass microscope slides was degraded after 42 h of exposure in the absence of riboflavin, whereas 59% was degraded in the presence of riboflavin. Photolysis of 2,4-D on Z. mays leaves in treatments without riboflavin suggests that certain epicuticular component(s) of Z. mays acted as photosensitizers or catalytic agents that promoted photolysis of nonabsorbed 2,4-D residues.

Keywords

2,4-Dcorn, Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer 3241.’Absorptionmetabolismphotodegradation
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 47 , Issue 3 , June 1999 , pp. 262 - 269
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Bandal, S. K. and Casida, J. E. 1972. Metabolism and photoalteration of 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (DNBP herbicide) and its isopropyl carbonate derivative (dinobuton acaricide). J. Agric. Food Chem. 20:1235–1245.Google Scholar
Bentson, K. P. 1990. Fate of xenobiotics in foliar pesticide deposits. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 114:125–161.Google Scholar
Bentson, K. P. and Norris, L. A. 1991. Foliar penetration and dissipation of triclopyr butoxyethyl ester herbicide on leaves and glass slides in the light and dark. J. Agric. Food Chem. 39:622–630.Google Scholar
Bianchi, G., Avato, P., and Salamini, F. 1979. Glossy mutants of maize. Heredity 42:391–395.Google Scholar
Cabras, P., Angioni, A., Garau, V. L., Melis, M., Pirisi, F. M., and Minelli, E. V. 1997. Effect of epicuticular waxes of fruits on the photodegradation of fenthion. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45:3681–3683.Google Scholar
Cessna, A. J. and Muir, D.C.G. 1991. Photochemical transformations. Pages 199–263 in Grover, R. and Cessna, A. J., eds. Environmental Chemistry of Herbicides. Volume 2. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc. Google Scholar
Chkanikov, D. I., Makeyev, A. M., Pavlova, N. N., Grygoryeva, L. V., Dubovoi, V. A., and Klimov, O. L. 1976. Variety of 2,4-D metabolic pathways in plants; its significance in developing analytical methods for herbicide residues. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 5:97–103.Google Scholar
Choudhry, G. G. 1984. Humic substances: structural, photophysical, photochemical, and free radical aspects and interactions with environmental chemicals. Curr. Topics Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 7:143–169.Google Scholar
Crosby, D. G. 1969. Experimental approaches to pesticide photodecomposition. Residue Rev. 25:1–12.Google Scholar
Crosby, D. G. and Tutass, H. O. 1966. Photodecomposition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. J. Agric. Food Chem. 14:596–599.Google Scholar
Draper, W. M. 1987. Measurement of quantum yields in polychromatic light: dinitroaniline herbicides. Pages 269–280 in Zika, R. G. and Cooper, W. J., eds. Photochemistry of Environmental Aquatic Systems. ACS Symposium Ser. 327. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.Google Scholar
Gauvrit, C. and Gaillardon, P. 1991. Effect of low temperatures on 2,4-D behaviour in maize plants. Weed Res. 31:135–142.Google Scholar
Halwer, M. 1951. The photochemistry of riboflavin and related compounds. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73:4870–4874.Google Scholar
Harrison, S. K. and Thomas, S. M. 1990. Interaction of surfactants and reaction media on photolysis of chlorimuron and metsulfuron. Weed Sci. 38:620–624.Google Scholar
Harrison, S. K. and Venkatesh, R. 1999. Light regime, riboflavin, and pH effects on 2,4-D photodegradation in water. J. Environ. Sci. Health B 34:469–489.Google Scholar
Harrison, S. K. and Wax, L. M. 1986. The effect of adjuvants and oil carriers on photodecomposition of 2,4-D, bentazon, and haloxyfop. Weed Sci. 34:81–87.Google Scholar
Ivie, G. W. and Casida, J. E. 1971. Photosensitizers for the accelerated degradation of chlorinated cyclodienes and other insecticide chemicals exposed to sunlight on bean leaves. J. Agric. Food Chem. 19:410–416.Google Scholar
Joiner, R. L. and Baetcke, K. P. 1973. Parathion: persistence on cotton and identification of its photoalteration products. J. Agric. Food Chem. 21:391–396.Google Scholar
Kagan, J. 1993. Organic Photochemistry: Principles and Applications. San Diego: Academic Press. 234 p.Google Scholar
Kirkwood, R. C. 1987. Uptake and movement of herbicides from plant surfaces and the effects of formulation and environment upon them. Pages 1–25 in Cottrell, H. J., ed. Pesticides on Plant Surfaces. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Leonard, A. L. and Knisel, W. G. 1988. Evaluating groundwater contamination potential from herbicide use. Weed Technol. 2:207–216.Google Scholar
Liang, T. L. and Lichtenstein, E. P. 1976. Effects of soils and leaf surfaces on the photodecomposition of [14C]azinphosmethyl. J. Agric. Food Chem. 24:1205–1210.Google Scholar
Lykken, L. 1972. Role of photosensitizers in alteration of pesticide residues in sunlight. Pages 449–469 in Matsumura, F., Boush, G. M., and Misato, T., eds. Environmental Toxicology of Pesticides. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Miller, G. C. and Zepp, R. G. 1983. Extrapolating photolysis rates from the laboratory to the environment. Residue Rev. 85:89–110.Google Scholar
Montgomery, M. L., Chang, Y. L., and Freed, V. H. 1971. Comparative metabolism of 2,4-D by bean and corn plants. J. Agric. Food Chem. 19:1219–1221.Google Scholar
Mopper, K. and Zika, R. G. 1987. Natural photosensitizers in sea water: riboflavin and its breakdown products. Pages 174–190 in Zika, R. G. and Cooper, W. J., eds. Aquatic Photochemistry. ACS Symposium Ser. 327. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.Google Scholar
Nishioka, M. G., Burkholder, H. M., Brinkman, M. C., and Gordon, S. M. 1996. Measuring transport of lawn-applied herbicide acids from turf to home: correlation of dislodgeable 2,4-D turf residues with carpet dust and carpet surface residues. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30:3313–3320.Google Scholar
Pirisi, F. M., Angioni, A., Cabizza, M., Cabras, P., and Maccioni, E. 1998. Influence of epicuticular waxes on the photolysis of pirimicarb in the solid phase. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46:762–765.Google Scholar
Plimmer, J. R. 1970. The photochemistry of halogenated herbicides. Residue Rev. 33:47–74.Google ScholarPubMed
Sattin, M., Berti, A., and Zanin, G. 1995. Agronomic aspects of herbicide use. Pages 45–70 in Vighi, M. and Funari, E., eds. Pesticide Risk in Groundwater. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers.Google Scholar
Soldaat, L.L., Boutin, J.-P., and Derridj, S. 1995. Species-specific composition of free amino acids on the leaf surface of four Senecio species. J. Chem. Ecol. 22:1–12.Google Scholar
Szmedra, P. 1997. Banning 2,4-D and the phenoxy herbicides: potential economic impact. Weed Sci. 45:592–598.Google Scholar
Takahashi, N., Mikami, N., Yamada, H., and Miyamoto, J. 1985. Photo-degradation of the pyrethroid insecticide fenpropathrin in water, on soil and on plant foliage. Pestic. Sci. 16:119–131.Google Scholar
Tanaka, F. S., Wien, R. G., and Mansager, E. R. 1981. Survey for surfactant effects on the photodegradation of herbicides in aqueous media. J. Agric. Food Chem. 29:227–230.Google Scholar
Venkatesh, R., Kent Harrison, S., and Loux, M. M. 1993. Photolysis of aqueous chlorimuron and imazaquin in the presence of phenolic acids and riboflavin. Weed Sci. 41:454–459.Google Scholar
Zongmao, C. and Haibin, W. 1997. Degradation of pesticides on plant surfaces and its prediction—a case study on tea plant. Environ. Monit. and Assess. 44:303–313.Google Scholar