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Mechanisms of Yield Loss in Maize Caused by Weed Competition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Diego Cerrudo ,
Eric R. Page ,
Matthijs Tollenaar ,
Greg Stewart  and
Clarence J. Swanton
Diego Cerrudo
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
Eric R. Page
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Greenhouse and Crops Processing Centre, 2585 County Rd. 20, Harrow, Ontario, N0R 1G0, Canada
Matthijs Tollenaar
Affiliation:
Monsanto Company,110 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Raleigh, NC 27709
Greg Stewart
Affiliation:
Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affaires, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
Clarence J. Swanton*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

The physiological process underlying grain yield (GY) loss in maize as a result of weed competition is not understood clearly. We designed an experiment to test the hypotheses that early season stress caused by the presence of neighboring weeds will increase plant-to-plant variability (PPV) of individual plant dry matter (PDM) within the population. This increase in PPV will reduce GY through a reduction in harvest index (HI). Field experiments were conducted in 2008, 2009, and 2010. A glyphosate-resistant maize hybrid was cropped at a density of 7 plants m−2. As a model weed, winter wheat was seeded at the same time as maize and controlled with glyphosate at the 3rd or 10th to 12th leaf-tip stage of maize. Weed competition early in the development of maize decreased PDM and GY. This reduction in PDM, which occurred early in the development of maize, was attributed initially to a delay in rate of leaf appearance. Reductions in PDM were accompanied by an increase in PPV of PDM. This increase in PPV, however, did not reduce HI and did not contribute to the GY reductions created by weed competition, as hypothesized. As weed control was delayed, a reduction in fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (fIPAR) accounted for a further reduction in PDM and notably, a reduction in DMA from 17th leaf-tip stage through to maturity. The rapid loss of PDM and the subsequent inability to accumulate dry matter during maturation accounted for a rapid decline in kernel number (KN) and kernel weight (KW).

Keywords

Glyphosatemaize, Zea mays L. ZEAMXwinter wheat, Triticum aestivum L. TRZAWHarvest indexkernel numberkernel weightplant-to-plant variability
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 60 , Issue 2 , June 2012 , pp. 225 - 232
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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