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Mechanism of Clomazone Selectivity in Corn (Zea mays), Soybean (Glycine max), Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Rex A. Liebl  and
Michael A. Norman
Rex A. Liebl
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Univ. Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
Michael A. Norman
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Univ. Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
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Abstract

Based on chlorophyll content, hydroponically cultured soybean seedlings were 254, 66, and 13 times more tolerant to clomazone than velvetleaf, corn, and smooth pigweed, respectively. Clomazone, at concentrations that inhibited chlorophyll, did not affect fresh weight accumulations of any species except velvetleaf. However, in velvetleaf, fresh weight accumulation was only half as sensitive to clomazone as the leaf chlorophyll content. Uptake of 14C-clomazone from nutrient solution by 72 h after treatment (HAT) (pigweed > velvetleaf > soybean > corn) indicates that differential absorption cannot account for selectivity. Shoot:root ratios of 14C recovered from soybean, corn, velvetleaf, and pigweed by 72 HAT were 0.39, 0.84, 1.67, and 2.37, respectively. The limited acropetal clomazone translocation in soybean seedlings may account to a small degree for soybean tolerance to clomazone. Conversion of clomazone to more polar metabolites was rapid in all four species. There were no significant differences among species in the percentage of 14C activity recovered as clomazone from root tissue by 72 HAT. Of the 14C activity recovered from shoots of soybean, corn, pigweed, and velvetleaf seedlings by 72 HAT, 46, 59, 35, and 54%, respectively, was clomazone. Differences in clomazone uptake, distribution, and metabolism among the four species were either insignificant or poorly correlated to selectivity, and therefore cannot account for the tremendous differences in clomazone sensitivity among these species. These observations indicate, indirectly, that differences at the site of action may account for selectivity.

Keywords

Clomazone, 2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinonesmooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. ♯ AMACHvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medik. ♯ ABUTHcorn, Zea mays L. ‘B73 x Mo17’soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Sherman′UptaketranslocationmetabolismselectivityFMC-57020dimethazone
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 39 , Issue 3 , September 1991 , pp. 329 - 332
Copyright
Copyright © 1991 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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