Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T05:15:10.811Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ladysthumb interference and seed production in cotton

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Shawn D. Askew  and
John W. Wilcut
Shawn D. Askew
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of interference between ladysthumb and cotton on plant growth and productivity. Ladysthumb remained shorter than cotton until at least 70 d after cotton planting. However, ladysthumb grew over twice as tall as cotton and, depending on plant density, produced between 179 and 681 g dry biomass per plant by cotton harvest. Ladysthumb biomass per plant was not affected by weed density when grown with cotton. When grown alone, ladysthumb produced over 2,000 g dry biomass per plant, which was over four times greater than biomass produced by plants grown with cotton. Cotton lint yield decreased between 0.7 and 0.9 kg ha−1 with each gram increase in weed dry biomass per meter of the row. The relationship between ladysthumb density and cotton percent yield loss was described by the rectangular hyperbola model with the asymptote (coefficient a) constrained to 100% maximum yield loss. The estimated coefficient i (yield loss per unit density as density approaches zero) was 35 ± 5 and 14 ± 2 in 1998 and 2000, respectively. Ladysthumb seed production was also described by the hyperbolic function. Estimated seed production at 1 plant m−1 of cotton row was 33,000 and 47,000 seed m−2 in 1998 and 2000, respectively.

Keywords

Ladysthumb, Polygonum persicaria var. persicaria L. POLPEcotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘BXN 47’Competitioncrop heighteconomic thresholdsmodelsseed rainweed biomassweed densityweed height
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 50 , Issue 3 , June 2002 , pp. 326 - 332
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Askew, S. D. and Wilcut, J. W. 2001a. Interference and seed-rain dynamics of three Polygonum species in cotton. Abstr. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. 41:24.Google Scholar
Askew, S. D. and Wilcut, J. W. 2001b. Tropic croton (Croton glandulosus) interference in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 49:184–189.Google Scholar
Aspinall, D. 1960. The analysis of competition between barley and white persicaria: II. The factors determining the course of competition. Ann. Appl. Biol. 48:637–654.Google Scholar
Bailey, W. A., Wilcut, J. W., and Askew, S. D. 1999. Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) interference and seed-rain dynamics in cotton. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 52:163.Google Scholar
Bararpour, M. T., Talbert, R. E., and Frans, R. E. 1994. Spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata) interference with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 42:553–555.Google Scholar
Bouwmeester, H. J. and Karssen, C. M. 1992. The dual role of temperature in the regulation of the seasonal changes in dormancy and germination of seeds of Polygonum persicaria L. Oecologia 90:88–94.Google Scholar
Bridges, D. C. and Chandler, J. M. 1987. Influence of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) density and period of competition on cotton yield. Weed Sci. 35:63–67.Google Scholar
Bridges, D. C. and Chandler, J. M. 1988. Influence of cultivar height on competitiveness of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) with johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). Weed Sci. 36:616–620.Google Scholar
Brown, S. M., Whitwell, T., and Street, J. E. 1985. Common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) competition in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 33:503–506.Google Scholar
Bryson, C. T. 1987. Interference of hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 35:314–318.Google Scholar
Buchanan, G. A. and Burns, E. R. 1970. Influence of weed competition on cotton. Weed Sci. 18:149–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchanan, G. A. and Burns, E. R. 1971a. Weed competition in cotton: I. Sicklepod and tall morningglory. Weed Sci. 19:576–579.Google Scholar
Buchanan, G. A. and Burns, E. R. 1971b. Weed competition in cotton: II. Cocklebur and redroot pigweed. Weed Sci. 19:580–582.Google Scholar
Buchanan, G. A., Crowley, R. H., and McLaughlin, R. D. 1977. Competition of prickly sida with cotton. Weed Sci. 25:106–110.Google Scholar
Buchanan, G. A., Crowley, R. H., Street, J. E., and McGuire, J. A. 1980. Competition of sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 28:258–262.Google Scholar
Byrd, J. D. Jr. and Coble, H. D. 1991. Interference of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Technol. 5:270–278.Google Scholar
Chandler, J. M. 1977. Competition of spurred anoda, velvetleaf, prickly sida, and Venice mallow in cotton. Weed Sci. 25:151–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowley, R. H. and Buchanan, G. A. 1978. Competition of four morningglory (Ipomoea spp.) species with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 26:484–488.Google Scholar
Czapar, G. F., Curry, M. P., and Wax, L. M. 1997. Grower acceptance of economic thresholds for weed management in Illinois. Weed Technol. 11:828–831.Google Scholar
Dowler, C. C. 1998. Weed survey—southern states. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 51:299–322.Google Scholar
Draper, N. R. and Smith, H. 1981. Applied Regression Analysis. NewYork: J. Wiley. pp. 33–42 and 511.Google Scholar
Edmisten, K. L. 2000. The cotton plant. Pages 4–15 In Edmisten, K. L., ed. 2000 Cotton Information. Publ. AG-417. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service.Google Scholar
Farnsworth, E. J. and Bazzaz, F. A. 1995. Inter- and intra-generic differences in growth, reproduction, and fitness of nine herbaceous annual species grown in elevated CO2 environments. Oecologia 104:454–466.Google Scholar
Green, J. D., Murray, D. S., and Verhalen, L. M. 1987. Full-season interference of silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 35:813–818.Google Scholar
Higgins, J. M., Walker, R. H., and Whitwell, T. 1985. Coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis) competition with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 34:52–56.Google Scholar
Holm, L., Doll, J., Holm, E., Pancho, J., and Herberger, J. 1997. World Weeds: Natural Histories and Distribution. New York: J. Wiley. pp. 598–624.Google Scholar
Ivy, H. W. and Baker, R. S. 1972. Prickly sida control and competition in cotton. Weed Sci. 20:137–139.Google Scholar
Keeley, P. E. and Thullen, R. J. 1991. Growth and interaction of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 39:570–574.Google Scholar
Kropff, M. J., Plotz, L. A., Weaver, S. E., Bos, J. J., Wallinga, J., and Migo, T. 1995. A two parameter model for prediction of crop loss by weed competition from early observation of relative leaf area of the weeds. Assoc. Appl. Biol. 126:329–346.Google Scholar
McIntosh, M. S. 1983. Analysis of combined experiments. Agron. J. 75:153–155.Google Scholar
Mercer, K. L., Murray, D. S., and Verhalen, L. M. 1987. Interference of unicorn-plant (Proboscidea louisianica) with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 35:807–812.Google Scholar
Moffett, J. E. and McCloskey, W. B. 1998. Effects of soil moisture and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) density on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 46:231–237.Google Scholar
Oliver, L. R., Chandler, J. M., and Buchanan, G. A. 1991. Influence of geographic region on jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) interference in soybeans (Glycine max) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 39:585–589.Google Scholar
Patterson, M. G., Buchanan, G. A., Street, J. E., and Crowley, R. H. 1980. Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) competition with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 28:327–329.Google Scholar
Radford, A. E., Ahles, H. E., and Bell, C. R. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 407–411.Google Scholar
Roberts, H. A. and Neilson, J. E. 1980. Seed survival and periodicity of seedling emergence in some species of Atriplex, Chenopodium, Polygonum, and Rumex . Ann. Appl. Biol. 94:111–120.Google Scholar
Rogers, J. B., Murray, D. S., Verhalen, L. M., and Claypool, P. L. 1996. Ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) interference with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Technol. 10:107–114.Google Scholar
Rowland, M. W., Murray, D. S., and Verhalen, L. M. 1999. Full-season Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) interference with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 47:305–309.Google Scholar
Rushing, D. W., Murray, D. S., and Verhalen, L. M. 1985a. Weed interference with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum): I. Buffalobur (Solanum rostratum). Weed Sci. 33:810–814.Google Scholar
Rushing, D. W., Murray, D. S., and Verhalen, L. M. 1985b. Weed interference with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum): II. Tumble pigweed (Amaranthus albus). Weed Sci. 33:815–818.Google Scholar
Sartorato, I., Berti, A., and Zanin, G. 1996. Estimation of economic thresholds for weed control in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Crop Prot. 15:63–68.Google Scholar
Scott, G. H., Askew, S. D., Wilcut, J. W., and Brownie, C. 2000. Datura stramonium interference and seed rain in Gossypium hirsutum . Weed Sci. 48:613–617.Google Scholar
Smith, D. T., Baker, R. V., and Steele, G. L. 2000. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) impacts on yield, harvesting, and ginning in dryland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Technol. 14:122–126.Google Scholar
Smith, B. S., Pawlak, J. A., Murray, D. S., Verhalen, L. M., and Green, J. D. 1990. Interference from established stands of silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) lint yield. Weed Sci. 38:129–133.Google Scholar
Snipes, C. E., Buchanan, G. A., Street, J. E., and McGuire, J. A. 1982. Competition of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum) with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 30:553–556.Google Scholar
Staniforth, R. J. and Cavers, P. B. 1979a. Distribution and habitats of four annual smartweeds in Ontario. Can. Field-Nat. 93:378–385.Google Scholar
Staniforth, R. J. and Cavers, P. B. 1979b. Field and laboratory germination responses of achenes of Polygonum lapathifolium, P. pensylvanicum, and P. persicaria . Can. J. Bot. 57:877–885.Google Scholar
Street, J. E., Buchanan, G. A., Crowley, R. H., and McGuire, J. A. 1981. Influence of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) densities on competitiveness of pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) and sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia). Weed Sci. 29:253–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Street, J. E., Snipes, C. E., McGuire, J. A., and Buchanan, G. A. 1985. Competition of a binary weed system with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci. 33:807–809.Google Scholar
Sultan, S. E. and Bazzaz, F. A. 1993. Phenotypic plasticity in Polygonum persicaria: III. The evolution of ecological breadth for nutrient environment. Evolution 47:1050–1071.Google Scholar
Umemoto, K. 1974. Pattern of calcium oxalate crystals in the leaves of Polygonum longisetum and P. persicaria grown from 4000 year-old seed. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 22:1429–1430.Google Scholar
Welbank, P. 1963. A comparison of competitive effects of some common weed species. Ann. Appl. Biol. 51:107–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilcut, J. W., Jordan, D. L., Vincill, W. K., and Richburg, J. S. III. 1997. Weed management in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) with soil-applied and post-directed herbicides. Weed Technol. 11:221–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, M. L., Murray, D. S., Westerman, R. B., Verhalen, L. M., and Claypool, P. L. 1999. Full-season interference of Ipomoea hederacea with Gossypium hirsutum . Weed Sci. 47:693–696.Google Scholar
Yenish, J. P., Durgan, B. R., Miller, D. W., and Wyse, D. L. 1997. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield reduction from common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) competition. Weed Sci. 45:127–131.Google Scholar
York, A. C. and Culpepper, A. S. 1999. Weed management in cotton. Pages 73–111 In Edmisten, K. L., ed. 1999 Cotton Information. Publ. AG-417. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service.Google Scholar