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Jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica): A Review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

Carol Mallory-Smith ,
Andrew R. Kniss ,
Drew J. Lyon  and
Robert S. Zemetra
Carol Mallory-Smith*
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
Andrew R. Kniss
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
Drew J. Lyon
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
Robert S. Zemetra
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Carol Mallory-Smith, Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

In 1994, the National Jointed Goatgrass Research Program was initiated with funding from a special USDA grant. The 15-yr program provided $4.1 million to support jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host.) research and technology transfer projects in 10 western states. These projects resulted in approximately 80 refereed manuscripts, including journal articles and extension publications. The research covered various topics related to the biology and ecology of jointed goatgrass as well as its management and control in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production systems. This review summarizes the research on jointed goatgrass published after Donald and Ogg’s 1991 review, most of which was conducted as part of the USDA-funded National Jointed Goatgrass Research Program. Specific topics that were studied and reviewed here include A. cylindrica genetics, especially as it relates to gene flow and hybridization rates with wheat and fertility of the resulting hybrids; vernalization requirements; seed dormancy, longevity, and germination requirements; competitiveness with wheat; and herbicide resistance acquired through evolution or gene flow from wheat. With respect to management, a wide variety of practices were evaluated, including various tillage types and frequencies; crop rotations, especially diversified wheat production systems that include spring-seeded annual crops; competitive wheat cultivars, seeding dates, seeding density, and row spacing; fertility management, including nitrogen application timing and placement; and field burning. Finally, many studies evaluated the use of herbicides, especially the introduction of imazamox in imidazolinone-resistant wheat cultivars, as well as comparison of adjuvant systems and application timings. In addition to the many management practices that were studied individually, several integrated management systems were evaluated that combined crop rotations, tillage, and herbicide programs. Between 1993 and 2013, weed scientists in 14 western states estimated that jointed goatgrass infestations decreased by 45% to 55% and attributed the reduction to the implementation of more diverse crop rotations, improved cultural practices, and use of imazamox-resistant wheat technology. This is evidence that the practical implications of the National Jointed Goatgrass Research Program have been successfully implemented by growers throughout the western United States.

Keywords

Marie A. Jasieniuk, University of California, DavisJointed goatgrass ecologyjointed goatgrass geneticsjointed goatgrass management
Type
Review
Information
Weed Science , Volume 66 , Issue 5 , September 2018 , pp. 562 - 573
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2018 

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