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Interference between pigweed (Amaranthus spp.), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), and soybean (Glycine max)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Paul Cowan ,
Susan E. Weaver  and
Clarence J. Swanton
Paul Cowan
Affiliation:
Crop Sciences Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
Susan E. Weaver
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada, Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Center, Harrow, Ontario, Canada N0R 1G0
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Abstract

Field experiments were conducted to determine the influence of time of emergence and density of single and multispecies populations of pigweed and barnyardgrass on soybean yield and competitive abilities of pigweed and barnyardgrass. Pigweed and barnyardgrass were established at selected densities within 12.5 cm on either side of the soybean row. Pigweed and barnyardgrass seeds were sown concurrently with soybean and at the cotyledon stage of soybean growth. Time and density of pigweed and barnyardgrass seedling emergence relative to soybean influenced the magnitude of soybean yield loss. Maximum soybean yield loss ranged from 32 to 99%, depending upon time of emergence relative to soybean. Pigweed was more competitive than barnyardgrass across all locations, years, and time of weed emergence. When pigweed was assigned a competitive index of 1 on a scale from 0 to 1, the competitive ability of barnyardgrass ranged from 0.075 to 0.40 of pigweed, depending upon location and time of emergence. This is the first multiple weed species study to include time of weed emergence relative to the crop. Competitive index values for multiple weed species must be calculated from field experiments in which weeds are grown with the crop under differing environmental conditions.

Keywords

Powell amaranth, Amaranthus powellii S. Wats. AMAPOredroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. AMAREbarnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. ECHCGsoybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Pride KG 60’ and ‘Pioneer 9302.'Integrated weed managementmultispecies interferencemultiple weed speciesmixed weed populationsthresholdtime of emergenceweed densityyield losscompetitive indexAMAPOAMAREECHCG
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 46 , Issue 5 , October 1998 , pp. 533 - 539
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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