Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T00:48:38.263Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of hairy vetch residue on atrazine and metolachlor soil solution concentration and weed emergence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

John R. Teasdale ,
Daniel R. Shelton ,
Ali M. Sadeghi  and
Allan R. Isensee
Daniel R. Shelton
Affiliation:
Animal Waste Pathogen Lab, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705
Ali M. Sadeghi
Affiliation:
Environmental Quality Lab, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705
Allan R. Isensee
Affiliation:
Formerly from Environmental Chemistry Lab, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

High levels of cover-crop residue can suppress weed emergence and also can intercept preemergence herbicides and potentially reduce their effectiveness. This research was conducted in continuous no-tillage corn to compare the effect of residue from a hairy vetch cover crop with that of background crop residue on the soil solution concentration of atrazine and metolachlor and on the emergence of weeds with and without herbicide treatment. In a 3-yr field experiment, 5-cm-deep soil samples were taken and the weed density measured in paired microplots with and without herbicide at approximately weekly intervals after application of atrazine and metolachlor. High levels of residue were present in both treatments; the percentage of soil covered by residue ranged from 91 to 99 in the no–cover-crop treatment and from 99 to 100 in the hairy vetch treatment. Initial metolachlor concentration was lower and degradation rate higher in two of the 3 yr with a hairy vetch cover crop than without a cover crop. Cover-crop treatment had little effect on atrazine concentration or degradation. Annual grass weeds (predominantly fall panicum) were the major species in this field. Hairy vetch alone reduced grass emergence by 50 to 90%, and preemergence herbicides alone reduced emergence by 72 to 93% compared with the treatment without cover crop and herbicide. The combination of preemergence herbicides with hairy vetch provided only 24 to 61% control of grass weeds compared with control by hairy vetch alone and 23 to 52% compared with control by herbicide alone, suggesting an antagonism probably resulting from reduced metolachlor concentration by hairy vetch residue. Metolachlor with hairy vetch delayed emergence of weeds and reduced the concentration of metolachlor required to prevent emergence initiation compared with metolachlor without a cover crop.

Keywords

Atrazinemetolachlorfall panicum, Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. PANDIcorn, Zea mays L.hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Roth VICVICrop residuecover cropsoil solutionherbicide degradation
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 51 , Issue 4 , August 2003 , pp. 628 - 634
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Banks, P. A. and Robinson, E. L. 1986. Soil reception and activity of acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor as affected by wheat straw and irrigation. Weed Sci. 34:607–611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buhler, D. D., Mester, T. C., and Kohler, K. A. 1996. The effect of maize residues and tillage on emergence of Setaria faberi, Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Chenopodium album . Weed Res. 36:153–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crutchfield, D. A., Wicks, G. A., and Burnside, O. C. 1986. Effect of winter wheat straw mulch level on weed control. Weed Sci. 34:110–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forcella, F., Arnold, R.L.B., Sanchez, R., and Ghersa, C. M. 2000. Modeling seedling emergence. Field Crops Res. 67:123–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghadiri, H., Shea, P. J., and Wicks, G. A. 1984. Interception and retention of atrazine by wheat stubble. Weed Sci. 32:24–27.Google Scholar
Hall, M. R., Swanton, C. J., and Anderson, G. W. 1992. The critical period of weed control in grain corn. Weed Sci. 40:441–447.Google Scholar
Isensee, A. R. and Sadeghi, A. M. 1994. Effects of tillage and rainfall on atrazine residue levels in soil. Weed Sci. 42:462–467.Google Scholar
Isensee, A. R., Sadeghi, A. M., and Mylavarapu, R. S. 1998. Impact of burn-down herbicides on atrazine washoff from vegetation. Chemosphere 36:13–19.Google Scholar
Locke, M. A. and Bryson, C. T. 1997. Herbicide-soil interactions in reduced tillage and plant residue management systems. Weed Sci. 45:307–320.Google Scholar
Mohler, C. L. and Teasdale, J. R. 1993. Response of weed emergence to rate of Vicia villosa Roth and Secale cereale L. residue. Weed Res. 33:487–499.Google Scholar
Nagabhushana, G. G., Worsham, A. D., and Yenish, J. P. 2001. Allelopathic cover crops to reduce herbicide use in sustainable agricultural systems. Allelopathy J. 8:133–146.Google Scholar
Sadeghi, A. M. and Isensee, A. R. 2001. Impact of hairy vetch cover crop on herbicide transport under field and laboratory conditions. Chemosphere 44:109–118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shelton, D. R. and Parkin, T. B. 1991. Effect of moisture on sorption and biodegradation of carbofuran in soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 39:2063–2068.Google Scholar
Shelton, D. R., Sadeghi, A. M., and Isensee, A. R. 1998. Effect of tillage on atrazine bioavailability. Soil Sci. 163:891–896.Google Scholar
Shelton, D. R., Sadeghi, A. M., Karns, J. S., and Hapeman, C. J. 1995. Effect of wetting and drying of soil on sorption and biodegradation of atrazine. Weed Sci. 43:298–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. 1998. Cover crops, smother plants, and weed management. Pages 247–270 In Hatfield, J. L., Buhler, D. D., and Stewart, B. A., eds. Integrated Weed and Soil Management. Chelsea, MI: Ann Arbor Press.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. and Mohler, C. L. 2000. The quantitative relationship between weed emergence and the physical properties of mulches. Weed Sci. 48:385–392.Google Scholar
Vidal, R. A. and Bauman, T. T. 1996. Surface wheat (Triticum aestivum) residues, giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), and soybean (Glycine max) yield. Weed Sci. 44:939–943.Google Scholar
Walker, A. 1987. Herbicide persistence in soil. Rev. Weed Sci. 3:1–17.Google Scholar