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Herbicide-resistant late watergrass (Echinochloa phyllopogon): similarity in morphological and amplified fragment length polymorphism traits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ryouichirou Tsuji ,
Albert J. Fischer ,
Masahiro Yoshino ,
Alvaro Roel ,
James E. Hill  and
Yuji Yamasue
Ryouichirou Tsuji
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
Masahiro Yoshino
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
Alvaro Roel
Affiliation:
Agronomy and Range Science Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
James E. Hill
Affiliation:
Agronomy and Range Science Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
Yuji Yamasue
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Abstract

Late watergrass is a serious weed of California rice that has evolved resistance to molinate, thiobencarb, fenoxaprop-ethyl, and bispyribac-sodium. To obtain an insight into the origin and spread of resistant (R) late watergrass in California rice fields, we evaluated similarities in morphological traits and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprints among 15 R strains compared with susceptible (S) strains. All strains were derived by inbreeding from accessions collected in rice fields of the Sacramento Valley, CA. In the field, R plants were shorter than S plants; they also had narrower and shorter flag leaves and thinner culms. Spikelets also appeared smaller and more slender in R plants. There was greater morphological similarity among the 15 R strains than among the eight S strains. The mean coefficients of variation for morphological traits were much smaller among R strains, which in a cluster analysis (Ward's method) were grouped morphologically apart at early clustering stages from the more variable S strains. AFLP electropherograms also showed greater similarity between R strains. R strains were grouped separately from the S strains in a cluster analysis based on calculated Nei and Li coefficients used in an unweighted pair group method using arithmetic means. However, small genetic differences also existed because the R strains were grouped into six clusters, suggesting that R strains were not samples from an identical strain. It was concluded that R strains originated from a preexisting and preadapted mutant late watergrass population in the Sacramento Valley. This study establishes that resistance moved by spikelet dispersal, not independent mutation events, most likely defined the geographical distribution of R late watergrass in California. Prevention and control of this dispersal combined with elimination of seed-producing survivors after herbicide treatment should be relevant components of the integrated management of herbicide-resistant late watergrass in California rice.

Keywords

Bispyribac-sodium, sodium 2,6-bis[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]benzoatefenoxaprop-ethylmolinatethiobencarbearly watergrass, Echinochloa oryzicola Vasinglate watergrass, Echinochloa phyllopogon (Stapf) Koss ECHPHrice, Oryza sativa L.Amplified fragment length polymorphismgenetic diversityherbicide resistancegraminicides
Type
Weed Biology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 51 , Issue 5 , October 2003 , pp. 740 - 747
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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